<p>The manufacturing industry in Indonesia increasingly recognizes the importance of corporate environmental and social responsibility as sustainability-oriented practices enhance organizational performance. However, the link between adaptive capability, pro-environmental behavior, and corporate sustainability performance remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the relationships among adaptive capability, pro-environmental behavior, corporate sustainability performance, and organizational performance within Indonesia’s manufacturing sector. Using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with data from 221 participants, our findings indicate that adaptive capability positively influences corporate sustainability performance and organizational performance. Additionally, pro-environmental behavior significantly contributes to corporate sustainability performance. Furthermore, corporate sustainability performance mediates the relationship between adaptive capability and organizational performance, as well as between pro-environmental behavior and organizational performance. These results highlight the crucial role of sustainability initiatives and adaptive strategies in enhancing long-term business success. This study contributes to the knowledge-based economy by examining how firms leverage adaptive capability and pro-environmental behavior as knowledge-based assets to enhance corporate sustainability performance (CSP). The findings demonstrate how knowledge creation and diffusion related to sustainability practices shape organizational performance, emphasizing the role of middle managers in implementing knowledge-driven environmental strategies.</p>