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<p>This study examines how spatial and relational dimensions—specifically proximity, industrial districts, clusters, and networks—shape innovation, entrepreneurial, and business ecosystems. With contemporary ecosystem theory, the research reconceptualizes these ecosystems not as isolated entities but as structurally interdependent components within the broader knowledge economy. Leveraging cross-sectional firm-level data from the OECD Innovation Indicators 2023, it empirically investigates the influence of institutional proximity, network diversity, and sectoral configuration on innovation output and commercialization performance. Findings highlight the pivotal role of institutional anchoring in ecosystem effectiveness, particularly collaborations with universities, as a catalyst for both product innovation and innovation-derived revenue. While industrial districts historically promoted localized knowledge exchange, their efficacy diminishes without institutional linkages. By contrast, clusters characterized by multi-actor coordination consistently exhibit superior innovation performance. Additionally, international collaboration networks are more effective than generalized co-innovation, underscoring the strategic value of selective, high-quality partnerships. The study theoretically advances knowledge economy literature by elucidating the multidimensional interplays between institutional actors, spatial configurations, and relational structures. It also offers actionable insights for policymakers, firms, and ecosystem architects aiming to foster resilient, globally integrated, and knowledge-intensive ecosystems that drive sustainable economic transformation.</p>

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Beyond Proximity: Multidimensional Analysis of Ecosystem Architecture in the Knowledge Economy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Hiroshi Ito,
  • Yasutomi Kitahara,
  • Nigel Denscombe,
  • Masazumi Ando

摘要

This study examines how spatial and relational dimensions—specifically proximity, industrial districts, clusters, and networks—shape innovation, entrepreneurial, and business ecosystems. With contemporary ecosystem theory, the research reconceptualizes these ecosystems not as isolated entities but as structurally interdependent components within the broader knowledge economy. Leveraging cross-sectional firm-level data from the OECD Innovation Indicators 2023, it empirically investigates the influence of institutional proximity, network diversity, and sectoral configuration on innovation output and commercialization performance. Findings highlight the pivotal role of institutional anchoring in ecosystem effectiveness, particularly collaborations with universities, as a catalyst for both product innovation and innovation-derived revenue. While industrial districts historically promoted localized knowledge exchange, their efficacy diminishes without institutional linkages. By contrast, clusters characterized by multi-actor coordination consistently exhibit superior innovation performance. Additionally, international collaboration networks are more effective than generalized co-innovation, underscoring the strategic value of selective, high-quality partnerships. The study theoretically advances knowledge economy literature by elucidating the multidimensional interplays between institutional actors, spatial configurations, and relational structures. It also offers actionable insights for policymakers, firms, and ecosystem architects aiming to foster resilient, globally integrated, and knowledge-intensive ecosystems that drive sustainable economic transformation.