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<p>Women’s Political Empowerment (WPE) has progressed considerably over the past three decades in developing countries (DC’s) and has fueled a substantial literature. This article analyzes its impact on economic complexity in a sample of 97 developing countries. Considering different dimensions of WPE (political representation, protection of civil liberties, participation in civil society), we specify and estimate a panel data model using the econometric techniques based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), System Generalised Method of Moments (S-GMM) and Lewbel Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) over the period 1995–2020. Two results emerge. Firstly, the WPE significantly improves economic complexity in developing countries. When controlling for a complementary measure of economic complexity, our results remain stable and robust. Secondly, the effect of WPE on economic complexity is attenuated by the presence of natural resources. We suggest an institutional reform anchored on the consolidation of strategies for the active participation of women for more inclusive and transparent governance, conducive to economic prosperity and complexity in DC’s.</p>

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Women’s Political Empowerment and Economic Complexity in Developing Countries: The Role of Natural Resources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Jacques Simon Song,
  • Sabine Nadine Ekamena Ntsama,
  • Bybert Helgath Moudjare

摘要

Women’s Political Empowerment (WPE) has progressed considerably over the past three decades in developing countries (DC’s) and has fueled a substantial literature. This article analyzes its impact on economic complexity in a sample of 97 developing countries. Considering different dimensions of WPE (political representation, protection of civil liberties, participation in civil society), we specify and estimate a panel data model using the econometric techniques based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), System Generalised Method of Moments (S-GMM) and Lewbel Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) over the period 1995–2020. Two results emerge. Firstly, the WPE significantly improves economic complexity in developing countries. When controlling for a complementary measure of economic complexity, our results remain stable and robust. Secondly, the effect of WPE on economic complexity is attenuated by the presence of natural resources. We suggest an institutional reform anchored on the consolidation of strategies for the active participation of women for more inclusive and transparent governance, conducive to economic prosperity and complexity in DC’s.