<p>Introducing product and process innovations into supply chain operations—often driven by effective knowledge management, intellectual capital, and learning-oriented organizational capabilities—can help firms reinforce their competitive advantage and become more sustainable. We conduct a systematic literature review to examine the research landscape on the intersection between product/process innovation and supply chains from 2000 to 2024. Our dataset consists of 273 articles published in top journals. Relying on bibliometric tools and cutting-edge metrics recently available from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, our main findings are as follows: First, in the past decade, there has been a significant increase in publications on product and process innovation in supply chains, indicating growing scholarly interest. Similarly, we report that the research is highly interdisciplinary, as reflected by the range of researcher backgrounds. Second, empirical studies account for approximately three-quarters of the articles, while nearly one-fourth focus on theoretical developments using mathematical models—primarily on the basis of game theory. Structural equation modeling dominates quantitative studies, which are mostly cross-sectional and use questionnaires. This prominence of this approach indicates growing interest in exploring complex relationships involving intangible resources—such as knowledge, absorptive capacity, intellectual capital, and organizational learning—alongside innovation outcomes in supply chains. Third, metrics from WoS and Scopus demonstrate the field’s academic impact and appeal. We also identify the principal areas of discourse and trending topics. Fourth, we show that most of the articles reviewed align primarily with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9. Finally, we summarize the main challenges for supply chain managers and outline future research directions.</p>