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<p>Water is essential for life and its sustainability. Access to safe drinking water improves health outcomes. This study provides evidence of how safely managed drinking water supports global health outcomes using unbalanced panel data from 107 economies spanning from 2000 to 2019. Health outcomes are measured through life expectancy, infant mortality, and incidence of tuberculosis. The study employed panel data techniques including Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Random Effects, Fixed Effects, Two Stage Least Squares and Generalized Method of Moments. The results support improvement in life expectancy and decline in mortality rate across the global panel, developing and developed economies, resulting from safely managed drinking water. Access to improved drinking water facilitates increased life expectancy through a decline in exposure to diseases. Comparatively, the influence of safe drinking water on population health is greater in developing economies. The stronger effect in developing economies is likely to stem from marginal returns to knowledge investments. Besides, education, an important indicator of knowledge economy demonstrates a favorable influence on health outcomes. Income, and physicians boost life expectancy and decrease mortality and tuberculosis. The results obtained from Panel quantile regression also support the findings. For compatibility with sustainable development goals and to support human health and wellbeing, it is important to ensure access to safely managed drinking water.</p>

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Assessing the Effects of Water Quality on Population Health Outcomes: Does the Level of Economic Development Matter?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Muhammad Tariq Majeed,
  • Tania Luni

摘要

Water is essential for life and its sustainability. Access to safe drinking water improves health outcomes. This study provides evidence of how safely managed drinking water supports global health outcomes using unbalanced panel data from 107 economies spanning from 2000 to 2019. Health outcomes are measured through life expectancy, infant mortality, and incidence of tuberculosis. The study employed panel data techniques including Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Random Effects, Fixed Effects, Two Stage Least Squares and Generalized Method of Moments. The results support improvement in life expectancy and decline in mortality rate across the global panel, developing and developed economies, resulting from safely managed drinking water. Access to improved drinking water facilitates increased life expectancy through a decline in exposure to diseases. Comparatively, the influence of safe drinking water on population health is greater in developing economies. The stronger effect in developing economies is likely to stem from marginal returns to knowledge investments. Besides, education, an important indicator of knowledge economy demonstrates a favorable influence on health outcomes. Income, and physicians boost life expectancy and decrease mortality and tuberculosis. The results obtained from Panel quantile regression also support the findings. For compatibility with sustainable development goals and to support human health and wellbeing, it is important to ensure access to safely managed drinking water.