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<p>The study explores the influence of economic progress and income inequality on environment quality in India over the period 1970–2019. Environment quality is represented by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economic progress is characterized by energy use, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and financial development. Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) test is applied to comprehend the long-run relationship. The outcome of the empirical investigation shows a strong positive and significant impact of income inequality on GHG’s emissions and an insignificant impact of economic progress on GHG’s emissions. The positive and significant impact of income inequality on GHG emissions in India reveals that with an economically unequal community, environment quality would deteriorate. Policy measures to attain income equality goals, restricting energy use through proper pricing and encouraging the use of energy efficient equipment would reduce GHG emissions. Financial policy targeting domestic credit disbursement for projects taking care of the emission targets and waste management can boost the environment quality. Exploring the historical context of Sustainable Living Practices&#xa0;rooted in the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) of&#xa0;<i>Dharma</i>&#xa0;(righteous living) and&#xa0;<i>Artha</i>&#xa0;(material wealth) to be balanced with&#xa0;<i>Kama</i>&#xa0;(pleasure) along with the economic models of “Cooperatives” to reduce income inequality, zero-waste farming, green energy, and sustainable use of natural resources with the application of modern technologies can promote sustainable models of development. IKS can play a vital role in building environmentally viable economic arrangements that strive to diminish income disparities and save the planet for future generations.</p>

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Economic Progress, Income Inequality, and Environment Quality in India: A Time-Series Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Pratyush Jain,
  • Pragati Jain,
  • Roopesh Kaushik,
  • Prerna Jain

摘要

The study explores the influence of economic progress and income inequality on environment quality in India over the period 1970–2019. Environment quality is represented by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economic progress is characterized by energy use, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and financial development. Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) test is applied to comprehend the long-run relationship. The outcome of the empirical investigation shows a strong positive and significant impact of income inequality on GHG’s emissions and an insignificant impact of economic progress on GHG’s emissions. The positive and significant impact of income inequality on GHG emissions in India reveals that with an economically unequal community, environment quality would deteriorate. Policy measures to attain income equality goals, restricting energy use through proper pricing and encouraging the use of energy efficient equipment would reduce GHG emissions. Financial policy targeting domestic credit disbursement for projects taking care of the emission targets and waste management can boost the environment quality. Exploring the historical context of Sustainable Living Practices rooted in the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) of Dharma (righteous living) and Artha (material wealth) to be balanced with Kama (pleasure) along with the economic models of “Cooperatives” to reduce income inequality, zero-waste farming, green energy, and sustainable use of natural resources with the application of modern technologies can promote sustainable models of development. IKS can play a vital role in building environmentally viable economic arrangements that strive to diminish income disparities and save the planet for future generations.