<p>Currently, there are a plethora of studies on efficiency within the logistic industry at the micro level, leaving a great void at the macro level. Against this backdrop, this study sampled 11 provinces and cities in western China to design a logistic efficiency evaluation index system based on circular economy practices, in order to present the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the logistics industry. The study data was analyzed using DEA-SOLVER PRO, with focus on slack-based model. The results show that (1) the average efficiencies of the logistics industry in Neimenggu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Guizhou provinces rank among the top. Moreover, the study found a significant gap in comprehensive technical efficiency (CTE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE) in the logistics industry of the 11 provinces and cities. (2) The study found inter-provincial differences and imbalance trend in the spatial distribution of the logistics industry. In particular, the distribution of areas with the same logistics efficiency is characterized by significant agglomeration. (3) The logistics industry in the sampled areas is fast improving in high quality, and thus, demonstrates a sign of catching up with the advanced ones. More so, the efficiency of the logistics industry in various western provinces tends to converge toward their respective steady-state level. The present study broadens the debate on circular economy and efficiency within the logistics industry hypothesis. It also provides a solid theoretical underpinning for improving the logistics industry’s efficiency and serves as a reference point for calculating efficiency in the logistics industry from circular economy standpoint.</p>