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<p>This study builds upon the resource-based view (RBV) and uses the exploration–exploitation dichotomy to understand how these two different capabilities influence the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The microfoundations perspective and managerial cognition remain under-developed and under-theorized. In this study, we examine managers’ cognitive systems as a critical microfoundation. Specifically, we explore how these systems contribute to <i>international organizational ambidexterity</i>, which includes both exploration and exploitation. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) on a sample of 116 internationalizing SMEs, the study demonstrates that managerial cognition is a significant microfoundation of international organizational ambidexterity in the context of I4.0 adoption. The findings also reveal that under early internationalization, neither international exploration nor exploitation has succeeded in creating new opportunities for SMEs to introduce a technology-based model. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed that for more experienced SMEs internationalizing earlier, international exploitation is more beneficial than international exploration to trigger the adoption of I4.0 technologies.</p>

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A Trade-Off Choice? The Microfoundations of Industry 4.0 in SME Internationalization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月20日

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  • Telma Mendes,
  • Miguel González-Loureiro,
  • Vítor Braga,
  • Carina Silva

摘要

This study builds upon the resource-based view (RBV) and uses the exploration–exploitation dichotomy to understand how these two different capabilities influence the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The microfoundations perspective and managerial cognition remain under-developed and under-theorized. In this study, we examine managers’ cognitive systems as a critical microfoundation. Specifically, we explore how these systems contribute to international organizational ambidexterity, which includes both exploration and exploitation. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) on a sample of 116 internationalizing SMEs, the study demonstrates that managerial cognition is a significant microfoundation of international organizational ambidexterity in the context of I4.0 adoption. The findings also reveal that under early internationalization, neither international exploration nor exploitation has succeeded in creating new opportunities for SMEs to introduce a technology-based model. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed that for more experienced SMEs internationalizing earlier, international exploitation is more beneficial than international exploration to trigger the adoption of I4.0 technologies.