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<p>The academic research systems of China and the USA are characterised by different policies and practices with regards to <i>university-business research cooperation</i> (UBRC). To examine those differences, from the perspective of research-intensive universities, this study’s analytical framework focuses on university research outputs that involve collaboration with local business sector partners. More specifically, university-business co-authored publications with authors from a business enterprise located within a 50&#xa0;km range of the university’s city of location (<i>UBRC_50km publications</i>). The study comprises 193 research-intensive universities in China and 179 in the United States. Regression modelling of each country’s UBRC_50km publication output levels comprise two models: (1) ‘internal’ research profiles of universities; (2) extended model with two ‘external’ variables related to characteristics of the local geographical area. The findings of model 1 show that the two university research systems seem fairly similar in terms of UBRC_50km output patterns. When external explanatory factors are included, some significant differences emerge: in the USA, UBRC_50km output is significantly affected by the total patent output of the local area (i.e. patents of universities and local firms) representing the local R&amp;D system; in China, it’s the number of other large research-intensive universities located in the same city or metropolitan area, thus reflecting the positive effects of urban agglomeration and the local science system.</p>

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Research Cooperation Between Universities and Local Firms: Comparing University Ecosystems in China and the USA

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月3日

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  • Robert Tijssen

摘要

The academic research systems of China and the USA are characterised by different policies and practices with regards to university-business research cooperation (UBRC). To examine those differences, from the perspective of research-intensive universities, this study’s analytical framework focuses on university research outputs that involve collaboration with local business sector partners. More specifically, university-business co-authored publications with authors from a business enterprise located within a 50 km range of the university’s city of location (UBRC_50km publications). The study comprises 193 research-intensive universities in China and 179 in the United States. Regression modelling of each country’s UBRC_50km publication output levels comprise two models: (1) ‘internal’ research profiles of universities; (2) extended model with two ‘external’ variables related to characteristics of the local geographical area. The findings of model 1 show that the two university research systems seem fairly similar in terms of UBRC_50km output patterns. When external explanatory factors are included, some significant differences emerge: in the USA, UBRC_50km output is significantly affected by the total patent output of the local area (i.e. patents of universities and local firms) representing the local R&D system; in China, it’s the number of other large research-intensive universities located in the same city or metropolitan area, thus reflecting the positive effects of urban agglomeration and the local science system.