Beyond the Triple Helix Model: Scientific Production on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix

The quadruple and quintuple helix models are considered as agents of innovation, in addition to those envisaged in the triple helix, society, and the environment, respectively. These agents are relevant to the development of sustainable innovation ecosystems. This research aims to identify and characterize the scientific production on the interactive innovation models of the quadruple and quintuple helices. A  bibliometric study and an integrative literature review were carried out. The results of quantitative analysis reveal that the topic has been addressed since 2009, with increase in publications since 2020. The results show the main journals and authors, as well co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords. Qualitative analyses show for categories of studies about quadruple helix. Furthermore, results discuss five themes in quintuple helix studies and four themes in both models. This study can be a source of reference for researchers and innovation, sustainability, and territory policies.