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<p>The underway conductivity-temperature-depth profiler (UCTD) enables continuous collection of high-resolution hydrographic profiles during vessel transit, offering advantages in operational efficiency and spatial coverage. However, its pump-free design makes the matching of sensor response times and the thermal inertia of the conductivity cell highly sensitive to variations in descent rate. Traditional static correction methods based on fixed response parameters are insufficient to eliminate salinity spikes under dynamically varying descent rates. This study proposes a real-time, descent-rate-adaptive salinity correction method tailored for embedded UCTD systems. A dynamic window alignment algorithm is developed to achieve time-depth synchronization of temperature and conductivity sensor responses based on instantaneous descent rate. Additionally, a rate-dependent thermal inertia compensation scheme is implemented, using an adaptive parameter model to simultaneously correct for thermistor-conductivity lag effects. Validation using <i>in situ</i> observations from a cruise in the western Pacific Ocean on September 15, 2024 demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces salinity noise in UCTD-derived profiles, decreasing the mean absolute salinity error from 0.033 7 to 0.005 3. The low computational complexity and modular structure of the algorithm allow for seamless integration into embedded UCTD controllers, enabling real-time onboard correction of salinity measurements under dynamically varying flow regimes.</p>

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Descent-rate-adaptive salinity correction for underway conductivity-temperature-depth profiler data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Xuan Wang,
  • Zhigang Chen,
  • Lin Cao,
  • Shousheng Liu,
  • Yang Zhou,
  • Xu Chai,
  • Jiliang Ding,
  • Fei Wu,
  • Fengxiang Guo,
  • Xinyu Li,
  • Zhigang Gai

摘要

The underway conductivity-temperature-depth profiler (UCTD) enables continuous collection of high-resolution hydrographic profiles during vessel transit, offering advantages in operational efficiency and spatial coverage. However, its pump-free design makes the matching of sensor response times and the thermal inertia of the conductivity cell highly sensitive to variations in descent rate. Traditional static correction methods based on fixed response parameters are insufficient to eliminate salinity spikes under dynamically varying descent rates. This study proposes a real-time, descent-rate-adaptive salinity correction method tailored for embedded UCTD systems. A dynamic window alignment algorithm is developed to achieve time-depth synchronization of temperature and conductivity sensor responses based on instantaneous descent rate. Additionally, a rate-dependent thermal inertia compensation scheme is implemented, using an adaptive parameter model to simultaneously correct for thermistor-conductivity lag effects. Validation using in situ observations from a cruise in the western Pacific Ocean on September 15, 2024 demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces salinity noise in UCTD-derived profiles, decreasing the mean absolute salinity error from 0.033 7 to 0.005 3. The low computational complexity and modular structure of the algorithm allow for seamless integration into embedded UCTD controllers, enabling real-time onboard correction of salinity measurements under dynamically varying flow regimes.