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<p>Grain-size sensitive component separation (GSCS) methods are pivotal for paleoenvironmental reconstruction but remain underexplored in tectonically active deep-sea seamount settings like the central South China Sea (SCS).This study presents the first systematic comparison of three GSCS techniques, namely standard deviation (STD), end-member modeling (EMM), and principal component analysis (PCA). These methods are applied specifically to sediment core GT-06 recovered from the Zhongnan Seamount in the central South China Sea. By integrating grain-size unmixing with complementary proxies, including magnetic susceptibility (MS) and loss on ignition (LOI), we assess the resolving power of each method and relate the resulting components to site-specific sedimentary processes (e.g., summer monsoon, volcanic activity, seamount collapse-induced turbidity currents). Key results show that all methods identified three dominant grain-size ranges (clay, silt-sand, coarse sand) with robust inter-method correlations. Critically, EMM and PCA uniquely resolved a volcanic-derived silt component (EM2) that was undetectable using the STD method, highlighting a key limitation of STD in complex settings. Four geologically meaningful end-members were identified: (1) fine-grained terrigenous clay linked to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), (2) volcanic detritus reflecting Quaternary submarine eruptions, (3) siliceous biogenic debris indicative of monsoon-modulated productivity, and (4) coarse calcareous fragments associated with seamount collapse-induced turbidity currents. The results highlight the superior ability of EMM/PCA to resolve complex signals, whereas STD serves as an efficient yet limited tool for first-order screening. Together, these methods form a site-adapted framework for tectonically active deep-sea seamounts: EMM/PCA enabling fine-scale interpretation of monsoon-volcanic-turbidity interactions, and STD supports rapid large-dataset comparison. This workflow improves the reliability of paleoenvironmental reconstructions in mixed-signal settings like the Zhongnan Seamount.</p>

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Multi-method characterization of grain-size sensitive components in deep-sea sediments from the Zhongnan Seamount, South China Sea: implications for monsoon-volcanic interactions and turbidity current events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • Yuanfu Yue,
  • Xintian Yu,
  • Liuying He,
  • Xinmeng Yuan,
  • Kefu Yu

摘要

Grain-size sensitive component separation (GSCS) methods are pivotal for paleoenvironmental reconstruction but remain underexplored in tectonically active deep-sea seamount settings like the central South China Sea (SCS).This study presents the first systematic comparison of three GSCS techniques, namely standard deviation (STD), end-member modeling (EMM), and principal component analysis (PCA). These methods are applied specifically to sediment core GT-06 recovered from the Zhongnan Seamount in the central South China Sea. By integrating grain-size unmixing with complementary proxies, including magnetic susceptibility (MS) and loss on ignition (LOI), we assess the resolving power of each method and relate the resulting components to site-specific sedimentary processes (e.g., summer monsoon, volcanic activity, seamount collapse-induced turbidity currents). Key results show that all methods identified three dominant grain-size ranges (clay, silt-sand, coarse sand) with robust inter-method correlations. Critically, EMM and PCA uniquely resolved a volcanic-derived silt component (EM2) that was undetectable using the STD method, highlighting a key limitation of STD in complex settings. Four geologically meaningful end-members were identified: (1) fine-grained terrigenous clay linked to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), (2) volcanic detritus reflecting Quaternary submarine eruptions, (3) siliceous biogenic debris indicative of monsoon-modulated productivity, and (4) coarse calcareous fragments associated with seamount collapse-induced turbidity currents. The results highlight the superior ability of EMM/PCA to resolve complex signals, whereas STD serves as an efficient yet limited tool for first-order screening. Together, these methods form a site-adapted framework for tectonically active deep-sea seamounts: EMM/PCA enabling fine-scale interpretation of monsoon-volcanic-turbidity interactions, and STD supports rapid large-dataset comparison. This workflow improves the reliability of paleoenvironmental reconstructions in mixed-signal settings like the Zhongnan Seamount.