<p>With global industrialization and the excessive use of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions have substantially increased, particularly the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which have had profound impacts on global warming and extreme climate events. As a key technology to combat climate change, mineral carbonation has been widely recognized as an effective technique for CO₂ sequestration and utilization. In recent years, seawater-based solutions (including desalination brine and seawater-based wastewater) have become a research hotspot in mineral carbonation due to their strong alkalinity, high content of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and lower costs compared to chemical solvents. This article comprehensively reviews the CO₂ mineral carbonation mechanisms based on seawater-based solutions, highlighting recent research achievements and potential development trends in capturing CO₂ through the pH swing method, modified Solvay process, chemical precipitation method, and chemical absorption method. By comparing the use of seawater-based solutions for mineral carbonation with traditional techniques, this study evaluates its advantages and the challenges it may face in practical applications, aiming to provide a more accurate assessment of the impact and future development of this technology.</p>