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<p>This study applies Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) to assimilate individual spectral components derived from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy directional spectra into the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model during tropical cyclone (TC) Isaias (2020). The analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of the assimilation’s impact on wave parameters, frequency spectra, and directional spectra. Two series of assimilation experiments—one based on spectral components (Exp*-DaSpec) and the other on significant wave height (Exp*-DaSWH)—are evaluated against a non-assimilated control run (Exp-NoDa). Particular focus is placed on six key parameters: SWH, mean wave period (MWP), mean wave direction (MWD), mean wave directional spread (MWS), dominant wave period (DWP), and dominant wave direction (DWD). Sensitivity analyses suggest 400 km and 0.30 as appropriate values for the localization radius and observation error variance, respectively, though no single setting is optimal across all wave parameters. Exp4-DaSWH and Exp4-DaSpec are therefore selected as representative experiments. In non-independent validation, Exp4-DaSpec generally outperforms Exp-NoDa across MWP, MWD, MWS, DWP, and DWD, demonstrating closer agreement with observed frequency spectra and directional patterns. In independent validation, Exp4-DaSpec maintains superior overall performance, whereas Exp4-DaSWH shows only limited improvement. Exp4-DaSWH may capture the spectral peak near 0.1 Hz, although its directional characteristics remain largely similar to those of Exp-NoDa. Importantly, the assimilation experiments significantly improve SWH in both non-independent and independent validations, with Exp4-DaSWH slightly outperforming Exp4-DaSpec overall.</p>

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Impact of assimilating buoy directional spectra on tropical cyclone wind-wave modeling: a case study of Isaias (2020)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Jincan Liu,
  • Yongjun Jia,
  • Jie Ding,
  • Jiagen Wang,
  • Jichao Wang

摘要

This study applies Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) to assimilate individual spectral components derived from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy directional spectra into the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model during tropical cyclone (TC) Isaias (2020). The analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of the assimilation’s impact on wave parameters, frequency spectra, and directional spectra. Two series of assimilation experiments—one based on spectral components (Exp*-DaSpec) and the other on significant wave height (Exp*-DaSWH)—are evaluated against a non-assimilated control run (Exp-NoDa). Particular focus is placed on six key parameters: SWH, mean wave period (MWP), mean wave direction (MWD), mean wave directional spread (MWS), dominant wave period (DWP), and dominant wave direction (DWD). Sensitivity analyses suggest 400 km and 0.30 as appropriate values for the localization radius and observation error variance, respectively, though no single setting is optimal across all wave parameters. Exp4-DaSWH and Exp4-DaSpec are therefore selected as representative experiments. In non-independent validation, Exp4-DaSpec generally outperforms Exp-NoDa across MWP, MWD, MWS, DWP, and DWD, demonstrating closer agreement with observed frequency spectra and directional patterns. In independent validation, Exp4-DaSpec maintains superior overall performance, whereas Exp4-DaSWH shows only limited improvement. Exp4-DaSWH may capture the spectral peak near 0.1 Hz, although its directional characteristics remain largely similar to those of Exp-NoDa. Importantly, the assimilation experiments significantly improve SWH in both non-independent and independent validations, with Exp4-DaSWH slightly outperforming Exp4-DaSpec overall.