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<p>With the globalization of the economy, maritime trade has surged, posing challenges in the supervision of marine vessel activities. An automatic identification system (AIS) is an effective means of shipping traffic service, but many uncertainties exist regarding its data quality. In this study, the AIS data from Haiyang (HY) series of satellites were used to assess the data quality, analyze the global ship trajectory distribution and update frequencies from 2019 to 2023. Through the analysis of maritime mobile service identity numbers, we identified 340 185 unique vessels, 80.1% of which adhered to the International Telecommunication Union standards. Approximately 49.7% of ships exhibit significant data gaps, and 1.1% show inconsistencies in their AIS data sources. In the central Pacific Ocean at low latitudes and along the coast of South America (30°–60°S), a heightened incidence of abnormal trajectories of ships has been consistently observed, particularly in areas associated with fishing activities. According to the spatial distribution of ship trajectories, AIS data exhibit numerous deficiencies, particularly in high-traffic regions such as the East China Sea and South China Sea. In contrast, ship trajectories in the polar regions, characterized by high latitudes, are relatively comprehensive. With the increased number of HY satellites equipped with AIS receivers, the quantity of trajectory points displays a growing trend, leading to increasingly complete trajectories. This trend highlights the significant potential of using AIS data acquired from HY satellites to increase the accuracy of vessel tracking.</p>

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Quality analysis of AIS data derived from Haiyang (HY) series satellites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Xi Ding,
  • Songtao Ai,
  • Jiajun Ling,
  • Meng Cui,
  • Jiachun An,
  • Lei Huang

摘要

With the globalization of the economy, maritime trade has surged, posing challenges in the supervision of marine vessel activities. An automatic identification system (AIS) is an effective means of shipping traffic service, but many uncertainties exist regarding its data quality. In this study, the AIS data from Haiyang (HY) series of satellites were used to assess the data quality, analyze the global ship trajectory distribution and update frequencies from 2019 to 2023. Through the analysis of maritime mobile service identity numbers, we identified 340 185 unique vessels, 80.1% of which adhered to the International Telecommunication Union standards. Approximately 49.7% of ships exhibit significant data gaps, and 1.1% show inconsistencies in their AIS data sources. In the central Pacific Ocean at low latitudes and along the coast of South America (30°–60°S), a heightened incidence of abnormal trajectories of ships has been consistently observed, particularly in areas associated with fishing activities. According to the spatial distribution of ship trajectories, AIS data exhibit numerous deficiencies, particularly in high-traffic regions such as the East China Sea and South China Sea. In contrast, ship trajectories in the polar regions, characterized by high latitudes, are relatively comprehensive. With the increased number of HY satellites equipped with AIS receivers, the quantity of trajectory points displays a growing trend, leading to increasingly complete trajectories. This trend highlights the significant potential of using AIS data acquired from HY satellites to increase the accuracy of vessel tracking.