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<p>Using the ERA5 wave reanalysis, the distributions and trends of global available wave energy storage during 1980–2019 are analyzed. The results show that the available wave energy storage is not only related to total wave energy storage but is also affected by the local available wave probability. Different distributions and trends between the available wave energy and total wave energy storage are observed. Larger values of total wave energy storage are concentrated in the high-latitude westerlies zone, whereas available wave energy storage exhibits greater concentration in the middle-low latitude regions. In each basin, there is a notable upward trend in both total wave energy storage and available wave energy storage. However, the northern Hemisphere (NH) exhibits an increasing trend in available wave probability, whereas the southern Hemisphere (SH) experiences a decreasing trend. This divergence contributes to the spatial distributions of available wave energy storage becoming increasingly uniform. These trends in wave energy are primarily influenced by changes in significant wave height. Although the increasing trend of significant wave height across all frequency ranges induces the growth of total wave energy storage, only the increasing of wave heights falling in 1.3–4 m can cause the growth of available wave energy storage. The consistent increasing rates of wave height under different mean levels contribute to the divergent trends in available wave probability.</p>

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Global distributions and long-term trends of available wave energy based on ERA5 wave reanalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Jian Shi,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Haifei Sun,
  • Xiangming Cao,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Nguyen Viet Thanh,
  • Lipeng Zhang

摘要

Using the ERA5 wave reanalysis, the distributions and trends of global available wave energy storage during 1980–2019 are analyzed. The results show that the available wave energy storage is not only related to total wave energy storage but is also affected by the local available wave probability. Different distributions and trends between the available wave energy and total wave energy storage are observed. Larger values of total wave energy storage are concentrated in the high-latitude westerlies zone, whereas available wave energy storage exhibits greater concentration in the middle-low latitude regions. In each basin, there is a notable upward trend in both total wave energy storage and available wave energy storage. However, the northern Hemisphere (NH) exhibits an increasing trend in available wave probability, whereas the southern Hemisphere (SH) experiences a decreasing trend. This divergence contributes to the spatial distributions of available wave energy storage becoming increasingly uniform. These trends in wave energy are primarily influenced by changes in significant wave height. Although the increasing trend of significant wave height across all frequency ranges induces the growth of total wave energy storage, only the increasing of wave heights falling in 1.3–4 m can cause the growth of available wave energy storage. The consistent increasing rates of wave height under different mean levels contribute to the divergent trends in available wave probability.