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<p>El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the changes in ocean physical elements in Taiwan Strait (TWS) primarily by regulating the strength of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the intrusion of the Kuroshio. Additionally, the fluctuating impact between nutrient-poor seawater with high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that infiltrates owing to the Kuroshio during El Niño phases and nutrient-rich seawater with low DIC from the South China Sea (SCS) carried by the EAWM during La Niña phases determines the nutrient content in TWS, thereby sculpting appropriate or unsuitable biochemical environment. In this study, based on high-resolution sea-surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) data, we investigate the relationship between <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> level of TWS and ENSO events in winter. The physical mechanisms affecting the anomalous distribution of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> level during ENSO are also explored. Stepwise regression was employed to identify the optimal influencing factors for modeling <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Niño3.4 index and <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, which is significantly influenced by factors such as sea-surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>), and DIC. These are related to the anomalously strong Kuroshio intrusion and weaker EAWM during El Niño years. It brings a large amount of high SST water with low nutrient concentration and high DIC, which is detrimental to CO<sub>2</sub> dissolution and phytoplankton growth over the TWS, leading to an increase in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. Conversely, <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> level is significantly low under the influence of SCS seawater during La Niña years. Based on the characterization of the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> level response to ENSO, the carbon balance at TWS can be explored.</p>

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Response of sea-surface partial pressure of CO2 to ENSO events over the Taiwan Strait

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Keyu Hu,
  • Qiong Wu,
  • Tianqi Xiong,
  • Bo Li,
  • Peng Bai,
  • Zhenxin Ruan,
  • Chengcheng Yu

摘要

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the changes in ocean physical elements in Taiwan Strait (TWS) primarily by regulating the strength of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the intrusion of the Kuroshio. Additionally, the fluctuating impact between nutrient-poor seawater with high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that infiltrates owing to the Kuroshio during El Niño phases and nutrient-rich seawater with low DIC from the South China Sea (SCS) carried by the EAWM during La Niña phases determines the nutrient content in TWS, thereby sculpting appropriate or unsuitable biochemical environment. In this study, based on high-resolution sea-surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data, we investigate the relationship between pCO2 level of TWS and ENSO events in winter. The physical mechanisms affecting the anomalous distribution of pCO2 level during ENSO are also explored. Stepwise regression was employed to identify the optimal influencing factors for modeling pCO2. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Niño3.4 index and pCO2, which is significantly influenced by factors such as sea-surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chl a), and DIC. These are related to the anomalously strong Kuroshio intrusion and weaker EAWM during El Niño years. It brings a large amount of high SST water with low nutrient concentration and high DIC, which is detrimental to CO2 dissolution and phytoplankton growth over the TWS, leading to an increase in pCO2. Conversely, pCO2 level is significantly low under the influence of SCS seawater during La Niña years. Based on the characterization of the pCO2 level response to ENSO, the carbon balance at TWS can be explored.