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<p>Crop establishment and early seedling vigor are critical determinants of yield stability in agricultural systems. Invasive alien plants can substantially reduce crop productivity through allelopathic interference, yet comparative, stage-specific evaluations remain limited. This study examined the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from <i>Solidago altissima</i> and <i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> on seed germination and early seedling growth of four horticultural crops (<i>Brassica napus</i>, <i>Brassica oleracea</i>, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i>). Germination and root elongation bioassays were conducted under controlled conditions using four extract concentrations (0, 20, 50, and 100%), and major allelochemicals were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both invasive species showed strong, concentration-dependent inhibitory effects, but their impacts differed markedly by developmental stage. Across the shared crop species (<i>S. lycopersicum</i> and <i>L. sativa</i>), H. tuberosus tended to exert stronger suppression of seed germination, whereas S. altissima showed more persistent inhibition of post-germination root elongation<i>.</i> Crop species exhibited distinct sensitivity patterns: <i>L. sativa</i> was the most vulnerable, <i>Brassica</i> species showed stage-dependent tolerance, and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> displayed relative tolerance and occasional growth stimulation at low extract concentrations. Chemical profiling revealed contrasting allelopathic strategies, with <i>H. tuberosus</i> extracts dominated by quinine, while <i>S. altissima</i> contained a broader suite of phenolic acids and flavonoids, including caffeic acid, myricetin, and kaempferol. These findings suggest that allelopathic effects depend not only on chemical composition but also on concentration, biochemical properties, and target physiological processes. Understanding such species-specific mechanisms is essential for predicting ecological impacts and developing targeted management strategies to mitigate yield loss in agricultural systems invaded by allelopathic plants.</p>

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Stage-specific allelopathic effects of invasive alien plants Solidago altissima and Helianthus tuberosus extracts on crop germination and early seedling growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Uhram Song,
  • Ji Seon Lee,
  • Sera Park,
  • Se Won Bae

摘要

Crop establishment and early seedling vigor are critical determinants of yield stability in agricultural systems. Invasive alien plants can substantially reduce crop productivity through allelopathic interference, yet comparative, stage-specific evaluations remain limited. This study examined the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Solidago altissima and Helianthus tuberosus on seed germination and early seedling growth of four horticultural crops (Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, Solanum lycopersicum, and Lactuca sativa). Germination and root elongation bioassays were conducted under controlled conditions using four extract concentrations (0, 20, 50, and 100%), and major allelochemicals were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both invasive species showed strong, concentration-dependent inhibitory effects, but their impacts differed markedly by developmental stage. Across the shared crop species (S. lycopersicum and L. sativa), H. tuberosus tended to exert stronger suppression of seed germination, whereas S. altissima showed more persistent inhibition of post-germination root elongation. Crop species exhibited distinct sensitivity patterns: L. sativa was the most vulnerable, Brassica species showed stage-dependent tolerance, and S. lycopersicum displayed relative tolerance and occasional growth stimulation at low extract concentrations. Chemical profiling revealed contrasting allelopathic strategies, with H. tuberosus extracts dominated by quinine, while S. altissima contained a broader suite of phenolic acids and flavonoids, including caffeic acid, myricetin, and kaempferol. These findings suggest that allelopathic effects depend not only on chemical composition but also on concentration, biochemical properties, and target physiological processes. Understanding such species-specific mechanisms is essential for predicting ecological impacts and developing targeted management strategies to mitigate yield loss in agricultural systems invaded by allelopathic plants.