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<p>Enhancing the resilience of underutilized legumes to abiotic stress is essential for food security in arid and semi-arid regions. <i>Vigna aconitifolia</i> (moth bean) is a heat- and drought-tolerant legume; however, the basis of its root system plasticity remains poorly characterized. In this study, we compared root system architecture (RSA) and cellular traits of two contrasting genotypes, TN67 (wild) and IPCmo056 (cultivated), exposed to heat stress (40&#xa0;°C) and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA; 10, 25, and 50 µM) for six days. RSA traits were quantified by digital image analysis, and meristem organization was assessed using root cell-length profiles. Under heat stress, TN67 maintained primary root elongation and lateral branching, whereas IPCmo056 showed reduced root volume and increased basal root proliferation, indicating contrasting architectural strategies. ABA effects were strongly genotype- and concentration-dependent: moderate ABA promoted lateral root initiation in TN67, while IPCmo056 exhibited a biphasic response with stimulation at low concentration and inhibition at higher concentrations. Integration of morphological and cellular traits using a Root Plasticity Index (RPI) revealed significantly higher plasticity in TN67 than in IPCmo056. Overall, our results demonstrate clear genotypic differences in RSA plasticity under heat and ABA treatments, and provide a quantitative, phenotype-based framework for root-focused selection in climate-resilient legume breeding, without inferring unmeasured hormonal mechanisms.</p>

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Genotype-specific root system plasticity under heat stress and abscisic acid in wild and cultivated Vigna aconitifolia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Miren Yosune Miranda Puy,
  • María Jesús Puy-Alquiza

摘要

Enhancing the resilience of underutilized legumes to abiotic stress is essential for food security in arid and semi-arid regions. Vigna aconitifolia (moth bean) is a heat- and drought-tolerant legume; however, the basis of its root system plasticity remains poorly characterized. In this study, we compared root system architecture (RSA) and cellular traits of two contrasting genotypes, TN67 (wild) and IPCmo056 (cultivated), exposed to heat stress (40 °C) and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA; 10, 25, and 50 µM) for six days. RSA traits were quantified by digital image analysis, and meristem organization was assessed using root cell-length profiles. Under heat stress, TN67 maintained primary root elongation and lateral branching, whereas IPCmo056 showed reduced root volume and increased basal root proliferation, indicating contrasting architectural strategies. ABA effects were strongly genotype- and concentration-dependent: moderate ABA promoted lateral root initiation in TN67, while IPCmo056 exhibited a biphasic response with stimulation at low concentration and inhibition at higher concentrations. Integration of morphological and cellular traits using a Root Plasticity Index (RPI) revealed significantly higher plasticity in TN67 than in IPCmo056. Overall, our results demonstrate clear genotypic differences in RSA plasticity under heat and ABA treatments, and provide a quantitative, phenotype-based framework for root-focused selection in climate-resilient legume breeding, without inferring unmeasured hormonal mechanisms.