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<p>Due to the negative environmental effects of synthetic herbicides, natural substances should be further studied for the production of non-synthetic herbicides. This study investigated the effect of brown rice vinegar and EM powder soap against broadleaf and grass weeds and their mechanisms of action. At 10% concentration, brown rice vinegar inhibited the plant height and shoot fresh weight of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Digitaria ciliaris</i>, and <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, by up to 83% and 88%, respectively, while EM powder soap inhibited these parameters by up to 86% and 95%, respectively. Both treatments were more effective on broadleaf weeds than grass weeds, with inhibition increasing at higher concentrations. Brown rice vinegar, containing acetic acid at 0.21, 0.35, and 0.7% in 3, 5, and 10% concentrations, exhibited stronger inhibitory effects at higher concentrations, with no significant differences between the brown rice vinegar and acetic acid. EM powder soap, containing (3%) natural plant fat and oil, (1%) NaOH, and (0.6%) EM fermentation solution, also showed significant inhibitory effects. When combined, these components increased inhibition rate to 80%-83% compared to single application. Both treatments decreased Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, while increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, particularly in broadleaf weeds. Conductivity levels varied with treatment time and were higher in broadleaf weeds after treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height and shoot fresh weight exhibited strong positive correlations with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, MDA production, and conductivity levels, while showing negative correlations with Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids content (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Broadleaf weeds (<i>Eclipta prostrata</i> and <i>Chenopodium album</i>) exhibited stronger positive correlations with conductivity level compared to grass weeds. Thus, these parameters are likely related to the inhibitory mechanisms of both natural products. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, evaluate long-term field efficacy, and assess selectivity across different weed species.</p>

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Inhibition mechanisms of weeds by natural compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Pyae-Pyae Win,
  • Hyun-Hwa Park,
  • Yong-In Kuk

摘要

Due to the negative environmental effects of synthetic herbicides, natural substances should be further studied for the production of non-synthetic herbicides. This study investigated the effect of brown rice vinegar and EM powder soap against broadleaf and grass weeds and their mechanisms of action. At 10% concentration, brown rice vinegar inhibited the plant height and shoot fresh weight of Eclipta prostrata, Chenopodium album, Digitaria ciliaris, and Echinochloa crus-galli, by up to 83% and 88%, respectively, while EM powder soap inhibited these parameters by up to 86% and 95%, respectively. Both treatments were more effective on broadleaf weeds than grass weeds, with inhibition increasing at higher concentrations. Brown rice vinegar, containing acetic acid at 0.21, 0.35, and 0.7% in 3, 5, and 10% concentrations, exhibited stronger inhibitory effects at higher concentrations, with no significant differences between the brown rice vinegar and acetic acid. EM powder soap, containing (3%) natural plant fat and oil, (1%) NaOH, and (0.6%) EM fermentation solution, also showed significant inhibitory effects. When combined, these components increased inhibition rate to 80%-83% compared to single application. Both treatments decreased Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, while increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, particularly in broadleaf weeds. Conductivity levels varied with treatment time and were higher in broadleaf weeds after treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height and shoot fresh weight exhibited strong positive correlations with H2O2, MDA production, and conductivity levels, while showing negative correlations with Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids content (P < 0.001). Broadleaf weeds (Eclipta prostrata and Chenopodium album) exhibited stronger positive correlations with conductivity level compared to grass weeds. Thus, these parameters are likely related to the inhibitory mechanisms of both natural products. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, evaluate long-term field efficacy, and assess selectivity across different weed species.