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<p>Subtilisin-like serine proteases (SBTs) play pivotal roles in plant development and stress responses by regulating proteolytic processes. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the <i>SBT</i> gene family was performed in <i>Cicer arietinum</i> (desi and kabuli cultivars). The goal was to investigate their physiochemical characteristics, evolutionary relationships, structural and functional analysis and expression patterns under abiotic stress (drought and cold). A total of <i>69 CaDSBT</i> and 82 <i>CaKSBT</i> genes were identified in desi and kabuli cultivars, respectively. The SBT proteins showed variations in amino acid numbers, isoelectric point, and subcellular localization, though most were found to be stable, basic, and hydrophilic. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the <i>SBT</i> genes into six groups (Group 1–6) with Group 1 having maximum number of genes in both cultivars. Chromosomal mapping revealed an uneven distribution, with Chromosome 7 containing highest number of genes. Promoter analysis identified abundant stress- and hormone-responsive elements, particularly in response to abiotic stress (especially light, defense, and general stress) and phytohormones (salicylic acid, MeJA, abscisic acid, and auxin). Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in biological processes related to proteolysis and cellular metabolism. Gene duplication analysis indicated that purifying selection was the primary evolutionary force for the <i>SBT</i> gene family in chickpea. Physiological assessments confirmed that stress exposure resulted in a reduction in relative water content (RWC), and an increased in malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, indicating enhanced oxidative stress. Expression profiling revealed that <i>CaDSBT59</i>, <i>CaKSBT47</i>, and <i>CaKSBT77</i>, were strongly upregulated under drought and cold stress. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of <i>SBT</i> genes for improving stress tolerance and developing future chickpea improvement strategies under stressful conditions.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the Subtilisin (SBT) gene family reveals their involvement under abiotic stress (drought and cold) in Cicer arietinum L

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Ishita Sukhija,
  • Reetu Singh,
  • Amita Sharma,
  • Vinay Kumar

摘要

Subtilisin-like serine proteases (SBTs) play pivotal roles in plant development and stress responses by regulating proteolytic processes. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the SBT gene family was performed in Cicer arietinum (desi and kabuli cultivars). The goal was to investigate their physiochemical characteristics, evolutionary relationships, structural and functional analysis and expression patterns under abiotic stress (drought and cold). A total of 69 CaDSBT and 82 CaKSBT genes were identified in desi and kabuli cultivars, respectively. The SBT proteins showed variations in amino acid numbers, isoelectric point, and subcellular localization, though most were found to be stable, basic, and hydrophilic. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the SBT genes into six groups (Group 1–6) with Group 1 having maximum number of genes in both cultivars. Chromosomal mapping revealed an uneven distribution, with Chromosome 7 containing highest number of genes. Promoter analysis identified abundant stress- and hormone-responsive elements, particularly in response to abiotic stress (especially light, defense, and general stress) and phytohormones (salicylic acid, MeJA, abscisic acid, and auxin). Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in biological processes related to proteolysis and cellular metabolism. Gene duplication analysis indicated that purifying selection was the primary evolutionary force for the SBT gene family in chickpea. Physiological assessments confirmed that stress exposure resulted in a reduction in relative water content (RWC), and an increased in malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, indicating enhanced oxidative stress. Expression profiling revealed that CaDSBT59, CaKSBT47, and CaKSBT77, were strongly upregulated under drought and cold stress. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of SBT genes for improving stress tolerance and developing future chickpea improvement strategies under stressful conditions.