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<p>In 2026, the prevalence of infectious diseases will continue to present a substantial challenge to healthcare systems. Scientific attention is increasingly focused on sex-specific differences&#xa0;in incidence and disease severity, which are influenced by a complex interplay of biological, endocrinological, and behavioural factors. In Europe, the epidemiological landscape is dominated by gastrointestinal pathogens (e.g. campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis), respiratory infections (e.g. influenza, lower respiratory tract infections), and nosocomial infections, with varying prevalence rates. In patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD), the risk of infection is influenced by the immunological dysregulation associated with the underlying disease, as well as by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies. The most common infections include respiratory infections (e.g. pneumonia, bronchitis), skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, sepsis, and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster). The clinical presentation and course of the disease may be atypical or prolonged compared to the general population. This summary focuses on viral respiratory infections and their prevention in ERE patients, with particular attention to influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).</p>

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Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte bei viralen Atemwegsinfektionen und deren Prävention

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Nadine Al-Azem,
  • Anna Knothe,
  • Rebecca Hasseli-Fräbel

摘要

In 2026, the prevalence of infectious diseases will continue to present a substantial challenge to healthcare systems. Scientific attention is increasingly focused on sex-specific differences in incidence and disease severity, which are influenced by a complex interplay of biological, endocrinological, and behavioural factors. In Europe, the epidemiological landscape is dominated by gastrointestinal pathogens (e.g. campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis), respiratory infections (e.g. influenza, lower respiratory tract infections), and nosocomial infections, with varying prevalence rates. In patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD), the risk of infection is influenced by the immunological dysregulation associated with the underlying disease, as well as by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies. The most common infections include respiratory infections (e.g. pneumonia, bronchitis), skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, sepsis, and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster). The clinical presentation and course of the disease may be atypical or prolonged compared to the general population. This summary focuses on viral respiratory infections and their prevention in ERE patients, with particular attention to influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).