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<p>Due to the adverse effects of heavy metal ions on living organisms, a novel Sn(MoO₄)₂-modified carbon cloth (Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC) electrode is designed for the sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions. The Sn(MoO₄)₂ nanostructures were synthesized hydrothermally, exhibiting a needle-like morphology with high crystallinity and uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by structural and morphological studies. The average length and breadth of the nanostructures were calculated to be ~ 1000 and ~ 167&#xa0;nm, respectively. The Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC electrode demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance toward the simultaneous and individual detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ as depicted from the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) for the simultaneous detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ is 40.78 nM, 15.44 nM and 13.34 nM, and when studied individually, is 8.62 nM, 15.8 nM, and 60 nM, respectively. Well-resolved, distinct stripping peaks were observed for all three metal ions, with no significant overlap, ensuring simultaneous detection. The linear dependence of the response current over a wide concentration range (0-2.2 µM) ensures high sensitivity and strong selectivity even in the presence of common interfering ions, further enabling its reliability. Overall, this study shows that Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC is a cost-effective, reliable sensor material for detecting toxic heavy metals in the environment. Its straightforward fabrication process, adaptability, and excellent analytical capabilities make this electrode ideal for on-site water quality testing and real-time environmental monitoring.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sn(MoO₄)₂-Modified Carbon Cloth Electrode for Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Pragya,
  • Shivangini Singh,
  • Naveen Kumar Veldurthi,
  • Sudhanshu Pati

摘要

Due to the adverse effects of heavy metal ions on living organisms, a novel Sn(MoO₄)₂-modified carbon cloth (Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC) electrode is designed for the sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions. The Sn(MoO₄)₂ nanostructures were synthesized hydrothermally, exhibiting a needle-like morphology with high crystallinity and uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by structural and morphological studies. The average length and breadth of the nanostructures were calculated to be ~ 1000 and ~ 167 nm, respectively. The Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC electrode demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance toward the simultaneous and individual detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ as depicted from the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) for the simultaneous detection of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ is 40.78 nM, 15.44 nM and 13.34 nM, and when studied individually, is 8.62 nM, 15.8 nM, and 60 nM, respectively. Well-resolved, distinct stripping peaks were observed for all three metal ions, with no significant overlap, ensuring simultaneous detection. The linear dependence of the response current over a wide concentration range (0-2.2 µM) ensures high sensitivity and strong selectivity even in the presence of common interfering ions, further enabling its reliability. Overall, this study shows that Sn(MoO₄)₂/CC is a cost-effective, reliable sensor material for detecting toxic heavy metals in the environment. Its straightforward fabrication process, adaptability, and excellent analytical capabilities make this electrode ideal for on-site water quality testing and real-time environmental monitoring.

Graphical Abstract