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<p>A Sn/ZnO<sub>2</sub>@Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> anode was prepared using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and discharge plasma sintering methods for the electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The introduction of Sn/ZnO<sub>2</sub> significantly increased the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen evolution potential (OEP) of Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. A 97.6% degradation rate of PFOA can be achieved using a Sn/ZnO<sub>2</sub>@Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> anode, at a current density of 40&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, with the initial PFOA concentration of 10&#xa0;mg/L, at a pH value of 5.69, and within 120&#xa0;min. Radical quenching experiments indicated that direct oxidation was the main mechanism for PFOA degradation, contributing 82.5%. The degradation efficiencies of PFOA remained above 88% in Dongjiang and Zhujiang rivers (DJR and ZJR) matrixes, confirming the system’s resistance to complex matrix. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio was 56.8%, and the defluorination ratio was 48% after electrolysis of 6&#xa0;h. After 36 cycles of degradation, the degradation rate was 95.6%. The toxicity assessments indicated that the degradation intermediates were significantly less toxic than the parent PFOA.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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The Mineralization and Detoxification of PFOA Using a Sn/ZnO2@Ti4O7Anode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Zehong Yang,
  • Zihao Wang,
  • Qiuhong Qiu,
  • Yuzhan Luo,
  • Chenglong Wang,
  • Yaobin Huang,
  • Tao Zhuang,
  • Weijin Zheng,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Liying Lan,
  • Guangli Liu,
  • Jiasheng Fang,
  • Yanliang Li,
  • Sihao Lv,
  • Wenlong Wang,
  • Yongfu Qiu,
  • Qiongfang Zhuo

摘要

A Sn/ZnO2@Ti4O7 anode was prepared using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and discharge plasma sintering methods for the electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The introduction of Sn/ZnO2 significantly increased the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen evolution potential (OEP) of Ti4O7. A 97.6% degradation rate of PFOA can be achieved using a Sn/ZnO2@Ti4O7 anode, at a current density of 40 mA/cm2, with the initial PFOA concentration of 10 mg/L, at a pH value of 5.69, and within 120 min. Radical quenching experiments indicated that direct oxidation was the main mechanism for PFOA degradation, contributing 82.5%. The degradation efficiencies of PFOA remained above 88% in Dongjiang and Zhujiang rivers (DJR and ZJR) matrixes, confirming the system’s resistance to complex matrix. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio was 56.8%, and the defluorination ratio was 48% after electrolysis of 6 h. After 36 cycles of degradation, the degradation rate was 95.6%. The toxicity assessments indicated that the degradation intermediates were significantly less toxic than the parent PFOA.

Graphical Abstract