<p>Lung cancer continues to be a major cause of deaths associated with cancer, with a considerable number of patients being diagnosed at more advanced stages of the disease. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are stable in body fluids, offer promising avenues for non-invasive biomarker identification. Recent advancements have highlighted the utility of specific miRNA signatures in treatment decisions and prognostic evaluations. This review has explored the significant function of circulating miRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Integration of miRNA profiles with clinical parameters has shown potential in predicting treatment responses and patient outcomes. Nevertheless, obstacles persist in standardizing the protocols for isolating and quantifying miRNAs, along with the variability of miRNA expression across various cancer types and stages. Future research focusing on larger, multi-center studies is essential to validate the diagnostic and prognostic capacities of circulating miRNAs and enhance their applicability in clinical practice.</p>