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Background <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed liver cancer research, making immunotherapy a key breakthrough for advanced cases. This study uses bibliometrics to reveal research hotspots and paradigm shifts of this field from 2020 to 2024.</p> Methods <p>The data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (2020 to 2024). Data quality was ensured through two rounds of independent data cleaning, achieving a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted on the literature related to liver cancer immunotherapy, utilizing tools such as Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Office Excel (2022 version).</p> Results <p>From 2020 to 2024, China and the US led global liver cancer immunotherapy research, forming a collaboration network with Canada. Sun Yat-sen University is a key hub with over 600 publications and an annual growth rate of 18.5%, closely collaborating with Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Zhejiang University (correlation index 0.92). The journal impact is dominated by Frontiers in Immunology and Frontiers in Oncology, which form a dual-core citation network, with the top 1% journals contributing 35.7% of publications. Frontiers in Immunology has the highest h-index (35) and fastest growth rate. The co-citation network includes three major clusters: immune mechanisms (led by Nature), clinical trials (Clinical Cancer Research), and liver cancer pathology (Hepatology). Research themes evolve in four directions: prognostic models, tumor microenvironment, hepatocellular carcinoma mechanisms, and cancer immunotherapy. Hotspots include “cancer”, “immunotherapy”, and “hepatocellular carcinoma”, with rising trends in “tumor microenvironment” and “combination therapy” after 2021.</p> Conclusion <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred multidisciplinary integration and the use of real-world evidence in research. Emerging themes like Sino-American collaboration, knowledge diffusion in core journals, and tumor microenvironment are shaping liver cancer immunotherapy research in the post-pandemic era. This study offers strategic insights for optimizing resources and advancing clinical-basic translational research.</p>

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Research progress and frontier trends in liver cancer immunotherapy in the post-COVID-19 era (2020–2024): a visualization analysis based on bibliometric methods

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Shicai Liang,
  • Xusheng Zhang,
  • Xuebo Wang,
  • Yannan Xie,
  • Jialong Wang,
  • Jiawei Wang,
  • Bendong Chen

摘要

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed liver cancer research, making immunotherapy a key breakthrough for advanced cases. This study uses bibliometrics to reveal research hotspots and paradigm shifts of this field from 2020 to 2024.

Methods

The data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (2020 to 2024). Data quality was ensured through two rounds of independent data cleaning, achieving a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted on the literature related to liver cancer immunotherapy, utilizing tools such as Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Office Excel (2022 version).

Results

From 2020 to 2024, China and the US led global liver cancer immunotherapy research, forming a collaboration network with Canada. Sun Yat-sen University is a key hub with over 600 publications and an annual growth rate of 18.5%, closely collaborating with Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Zhejiang University (correlation index 0.92). The journal impact is dominated by Frontiers in Immunology and Frontiers in Oncology, which form a dual-core citation network, with the top 1% journals contributing 35.7% of publications. Frontiers in Immunology has the highest h-index (35) and fastest growth rate. The co-citation network includes three major clusters: immune mechanisms (led by Nature), clinical trials (Clinical Cancer Research), and liver cancer pathology (Hepatology). Research themes evolve in four directions: prognostic models, tumor microenvironment, hepatocellular carcinoma mechanisms, and cancer immunotherapy. Hotspots include “cancer”, “immunotherapy”, and “hepatocellular carcinoma”, with rising trends in “tumor microenvironment” and “combination therapy” after 2021.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred multidisciplinary integration and the use of real-world evidence in research. Emerging themes like Sino-American collaboration, knowledge diffusion in core journals, and tumor microenvironment are shaping liver cancer immunotherapy research in the post-pandemic era. This study offers strategic insights for optimizing resources and advancing clinical-basic translational research.