Objectives <p>In light of the well-established importance of personal values in shaping human emotions, behaviors, and well-being, the literature can be further enriched by empirically examining the potential contributions of values derived from a Buddhist perspective. This study aimed to assess how Buddhist values influence farmers’ concerns, adaptation behaviors, and well-being in the context of climate change, drawing on the Theory of Basic Human Values and the Values-Beliefs-Norms framework.</p> Method <p>Participants were farmers selected via multistage stratified random sampling (<i>n</i> = 384). The conceptual model included formative and reflective constructs, with well-being as a third-order construct composed of eudaimonic (self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth) and hedonic (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) dimensions. Buddhist values comprised impermanence, karma, interconnectedness, mindfulness, and wholesome view. Climate change concerns included self-oriented, other-oriented, and environment-oriented concerns. Adaptation behaviors encompassed livelihood and agronomic management strategies. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM.</p> Results <p>Buddhist values significantly and positively influenced well-being (<i>β</i> = 0.593, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and climate change concerns (<i>β</i> = 0.370, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Their direct effect on adaptation behaviors was non-significant, but a serial mediation through concerns and adaptation predicted higher well-being (<i>β</i> = 0.036, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Eudaimonic well-being (<i>β</i> = 0.828, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), agronomic strategies (<i>β</i> = 0.728, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), environment-oriented concerns (<i>β</i> = 0.617, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and karma (<i>β</i> = 0.349, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were the most influential contributors. The model explained 40.7% of the variance in well-being.</p> Conclusions <p>The Buddhist perspective represents a source of healthy values that shape responses to climate change through a dynamic self-pattern and a virtue-based framework. The significant role of Buddhist values in farmers’ concerns, adaptation behaviors, and well-being in the context of climate change highlights the importance of examining the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of human life in the face of adversity through philosophical frameworks.</p> Preregistration <p>This study is not preregistered.</p>