Objectives <p>Bedtime procrastination was a significant behavior within both the sleep and procrastination domains, exerting a serious impact on individuals’ physical and mental health, but interventional studies on this behavior have been limited. This novel study examined the effects of a self-compassion intervention on bedtime procrastination and explored the mediating roles of positive affect and future self-continuity.</p> Method <p>A total of 459 participants who reported bedtime procrastination were randomly assigned to either a 14-day online self-help self-compassion program or a waitlist control condition. Self-compassion, positive affect, future self-continuity, and bedtime procrastination were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up.</p> Results <p>Compared to the waitlist control group, the intervention group showed significant increases in self-compassion, positive affect, and future self-continuity, along with a significant reduction in bedtime procrastination. Improvements in all variables except future self-continuity were maintained at the 1-month follow-up. Enhancements in positive affect and future self-continuity played a serial mediating role in the effect of self-compassion on reducing bedtime procrastination.</p> Conclusions <p>This study demonstrated that a self-compassion-based intervention effectively reduced bedtime procrastination by enhancing positive affect and future self-continuity. It not only provided a new perspective for addressing bedtime procrastination, but also highlighted the underlying mechanisms by which self-compassion influenced bedtime procrastination.</p> Preregistration <p>This study was not preregistered.</p>