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Objectives <p>Prospective memory (PM) is essential for individuals’ daily lives and work. Mindfulness, known to enhance cognitive processes, may serve as an effective practice to promote PM. This study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness induction on the cognitive processes underlying PM through electroencephalography (EEG).</p> Method <p>In this study, 50 participants (<i>age</i>: <i>M</i> = 20.48 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.13) were randomly assigned to a mindfulness group with a 10-min mindfulness induction or a control group that listened to a 10-min natural background sound resembling a flowing stream. Both groups performed a dual-task PM paradigm, in which prospective memory tasks (PM tasks: responding to the word ‘‘apple’’) were embedded within ongoing tasks (OG tasks: identifying words as ‘‘fruit’’ or not). EEG data from 47 participants (<i>age</i>: <i>M</i> = 20.53 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.08) were obtained and analyzed, focusing on the event-related potential (ERP) components N1, P2, and prospective positivity, which are respectively associated with the PM cue monitoring, PM intention retrieval, and the realization of delayed intentions sub-processes in PM.</p> Results <p>Behavioral data showed that the mindfulness group had faster reaction times in PM tasks than the control group, while accuracy did not differ significantly between the two groups. Additionally, EEG data revealed that the mindfulness group showed a larger prospective positivity amplitude toward PM cues compared to OG cues, while the control group did not. No differences were found in N1 and P2 amplitudes toward PM cues compared to OG cues in both the control and mindfulness groups.</p> Conclusions <p>This study demonstrated that mindfulness induction improves PM by optimizing cognitive control. A brief 10-min mindfulness induction might speed up reaction times and influence the realization of delayed intentions (reflected by prospective positivity amplitude) in PM. These findings suggested that mindfulness has meaningful benefits for the cognitive processes underlying PM.</p> Preregistration <p>This study is not preregistered.</p>

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Mindfulness Induction Enhances Prospective Memory through Cognitive Control Optimization: Behavioral and ERP Evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Jianfeng Yang,
  • Hui Tang,
  • Hairong Lu,
  • Xiaodong Ming

摘要

Objectives

Prospective memory (PM) is essential for individuals’ daily lives and work. Mindfulness, known to enhance cognitive processes, may serve as an effective practice to promote PM. This study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness induction on the cognitive processes underlying PM through electroencephalography (EEG).

Method

In this study, 50 participants (age: M = 20.48 years, SD = 1.13) were randomly assigned to a mindfulness group with a 10-min mindfulness induction or a control group that listened to a 10-min natural background sound resembling a flowing stream. Both groups performed a dual-task PM paradigm, in which prospective memory tasks (PM tasks: responding to the word ‘‘apple’’) were embedded within ongoing tasks (OG tasks: identifying words as ‘‘fruit’’ or not). EEG data from 47 participants (age: M = 20.53 years, SD = 1.08) were obtained and analyzed, focusing on the event-related potential (ERP) components N1, P2, and prospective positivity, which are respectively associated with the PM cue monitoring, PM intention retrieval, and the realization of delayed intentions sub-processes in PM.

Results

Behavioral data showed that the mindfulness group had faster reaction times in PM tasks than the control group, while accuracy did not differ significantly between the two groups. Additionally, EEG data revealed that the mindfulness group showed a larger prospective positivity amplitude toward PM cues compared to OG cues, while the control group did not. No differences were found in N1 and P2 amplitudes toward PM cues compared to OG cues in both the control and mindfulness groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that mindfulness induction improves PM by optimizing cognitive control. A brief 10-min mindfulness induction might speed up reaction times and influence the realization of delayed intentions (reflected by prospective positivity amplitude) in PM. These findings suggested that mindfulness has meaningful benefits for the cognitive processes underlying PM.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.