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Objectives <p>Compassion, toward others or oneself, is a key human virtue linked to well-being, sparking growing interest in its definition and measurement. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales, comprising two&#xa0;20-item&#xa0;scales,&#xa0;Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS-O) and Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S), to address the research gap in language-appropriate measures and advance understanding of their interplay.</p> Method <p>Participants (<i>n</i> = 1100), aged 15–32&#xa0;years, were recruited via a consumer panel. The construct validity of the Finnish SOCS was assessed using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, and polychoric correlations examined its links to stress and life satisfaction.</p> Results <p>Analyses supported a five-factor structure for SOCS-S and a four-factor structure for SOCS-O, while bifactor models did not converge and hierarchical models showed better yet mixed validity. Compassion and self-compassion were strongly correlated, with SOCS components demonstrating strong interrelationships. Higher stress was moderately linked to lower self-compassion but not compassion. Life satisfaction moderately correlated with self-compassion and positively with recognizing and tolerating others’ suffering.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of compassion and support the validity of the Finnish SOCS for assessing compassion and self-compassion in Finnish adolescents and young adults, provided subscale scores are used. Using total sum scores for SOCS-O and SOCS-S likely oversimplifies these complex constructs. The results also suggest self-compassion may buffer against stress and enhance life satisfaction, underscoring its relevance in mental health interventions. Distinguishing between self-compassion and compassion could inform targeted well-being programs and mental health support strategies.</p> Preregistration <p>This study is not preregistered.</p>

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Psychometric Properties of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales: Associations with Perceived Stress and Life Satisfaction in Finnish Adolescents and Young Adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Markus S. Hannukkala,
  • Ronnie Grandell,
  • Sari Levänen

摘要

Objectives

Compassion, toward others or oneself, is a key human virtue linked to well-being, sparking growing interest in its definition and measurement. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Finnish translation of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales, comprising two 20-item scales, Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS-O) and Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S), to address the research gap in language-appropriate measures and advance understanding of their interplay.

Method

Participants (n = 1100), aged 15–32 years, were recruited via a consumer panel. The construct validity of the Finnish SOCS was assessed using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, and polychoric correlations examined its links to stress and life satisfaction.

Results

Analyses supported a five-factor structure for SOCS-S and a four-factor structure for SOCS-O, while bifactor models did not converge and hierarchical models showed better yet mixed validity. Compassion and self-compassion were strongly correlated, with SOCS components demonstrating strong interrelationships. Higher stress was moderately linked to lower self-compassion but not compassion. Life satisfaction moderately correlated with self-compassion and positively with recognizing and tolerating others’ suffering.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of compassion and support the validity of the Finnish SOCS for assessing compassion and self-compassion in Finnish adolescents and young adults, provided subscale scores are used. Using total sum scores for SOCS-O and SOCS-S likely oversimplifies these complex constructs. The results also suggest self-compassion may buffer against stress and enhance life satisfaction, underscoring its relevance in mental health interventions. Distinguishing between self-compassion and compassion could inform targeted well-being programs and mental health support strategies.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.