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<p>Dental composite resins are widely used restorative materials; however, their clinical performance is often limited by inadequate mechanical strength and polymerization shrinkage which may lead to restoration failure. This study aimed to develop and optimize a dental composite resin incorporating γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized halloysite nanotubes and mesoporous silica to improve its mechanical, physicochemical and biological properties. The functionalized fillers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. A 2<sup>3</sup> factorial design was employed to optimize the concentrations of Bisphenol A Glycidyl Methacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and filler loading. The developed composites were evaluated for mechanical properties, depth of cure, polymerization shrinkage, thermal stability, degree of conversion and cytocompatibility. The optimized formulation exhibited enhanced mechanical performance, including diametral tensile strength (36.12&#xa0;MPa), compressive strength (261.28&#xa0;MPa), flexural strength (81.9&#xa0;MPa), and flexural modulus (9.58 GPa). In addition, the composite demonstrated reduced polymerization shrinkage, adequate depth of cure (&gt; 2&#xa0;mm), improved thermal stability and high cell viability. The synergistic incorporation of functionalized halloysite nanotubes and mesoporous silica significantly improved the overall performance of the dental composite resin, indicating its potential for restorative dental applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of a Functionalized Hybrid Nanofiller-Based Dental Composite Resin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Rakshitha N. Hemadri,
  • Fatima Sanjeri Dasankoppa,
  • Punnya V. Angadi,
  • Hasanpasha N. Sholapur,
  • M Mahesh Yadav,
  • Akshay Shamnewadi,
  • Kamaladevi Kshatriya

摘要

Dental composite resins are widely used restorative materials; however, their clinical performance is often limited by inadequate mechanical strength and polymerization shrinkage which may lead to restoration failure. This study aimed to develop and optimize a dental composite resin incorporating γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized halloysite nanotubes and mesoporous silica to improve its mechanical, physicochemical and biological properties. The functionalized fillers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. A 23 factorial design was employed to optimize the concentrations of Bisphenol A Glycidyl Methacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and filler loading. The developed composites were evaluated for mechanical properties, depth of cure, polymerization shrinkage, thermal stability, degree of conversion and cytocompatibility. The optimized formulation exhibited enhanced mechanical performance, including diametral tensile strength (36.12 MPa), compressive strength (261.28 MPa), flexural strength (81.9 MPa), and flexural modulus (9.58 GPa). In addition, the composite demonstrated reduced polymerization shrinkage, adequate depth of cure (> 2 mm), improved thermal stability and high cell viability. The synergistic incorporation of functionalized halloysite nanotubes and mesoporous silica significantly improved the overall performance of the dental composite resin, indicating its potential for restorative dental applications.

Graphical Abstract