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<p>Development of biodegradable and renewable plastic with good properties such as solvent resistance, gas barrier, UV-shielding, photocatalyst and antibacterial activity remain a challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose nanocomposite using simple microwave assisted hydrolysis method. The structural, morphological characteristics and electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were systematically analyzed through UV-vis. spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM and FTIR, LSV technique. XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/ cellulose composite with an average size between 30 and 40&#xa0;nm and FT-IR which shows successful synthesis of composite. FE-SEM imaging showcased the presence of ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles within the porous network of cellulose, highlighting their uniform dispersion and nanoscale features and the EDX analysis showed the presence of ZrO<sub>2</sub> in cellulose fibers. The antibacterial activity of synthesized Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub> and Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose nanocomposite could be determined by agar disc diffusion method against two clinical isolated Gram-positive (<i>S. aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) bacteria. The inhibition zone of Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose nanocomposite found to be highest compare to pure Bi-ZrO<sub>2</sub> for both bacteria. When compared with pure ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (26%), Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose catalyst showed higher photodegradation efficiency (98%) considerably higher photocatalytic activity in the elimination of RhB dye of about 90&#xa0;min under visible light irradiation, which could be attributed to narrowing bandgap could improve the electron-hole separation efficiency was confirmed by UV-DRS spectroscopy and LSV studies. The Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose catalyst revealed efficient stability even after four consecutive cycles. This method provides a simple method for the synthesis of Bi-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose nanocomposite as a functional biomaterial. DFT findings provide valuable insights into the Bi@ ZrO<sub>2</sub>/cellulose nanocomposites through adsorption energy, FMO and non-covalent interaction analysis.</p>

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Design and Evaluation of Bi-Doped ZrO2/Cellulose Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photo Catalytic and Antibacterial Performance: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Pushpalatha S.,
  • Rajendran T.V.,
  • Palanivel C.,
  • Arularasu M.V.,
  • Silambarasan T.,
  • Tarun Yadav,
  • Vetrivelan Vaithiyanathan,
  • Balaganesan B.

摘要

Development of biodegradable and renewable plastic with good properties such as solvent resistance, gas barrier, UV-shielding, photocatalyst and antibacterial activity remain a challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose nanocomposite using simple microwave assisted hydrolysis method. The structural, morphological characteristics and electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were systematically analyzed through UV-vis. spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM and FTIR, LSV technique. XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of Bi-doped ZrO2/ cellulose composite with an average size between 30 and 40 nm and FT-IR which shows successful synthesis of composite. FE-SEM imaging showcased the presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles within the porous network of cellulose, highlighting their uniform dispersion and nanoscale features and the EDX analysis showed the presence of ZrO2 in cellulose fibers. The antibacterial activity of synthesized Bi-doped ZrO2 and Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose nanocomposite could be determined by agar disc diffusion method against two clinical isolated Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The inhibition zone of Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose nanocomposite found to be highest compare to pure Bi-ZrO2 for both bacteria. When compared with pure ZrO2 nanoparticles (26%), Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose catalyst showed higher photodegradation efficiency (98%) considerably higher photocatalytic activity in the elimination of RhB dye of about 90 min under visible light irradiation, which could be attributed to narrowing bandgap could improve the electron-hole separation efficiency was confirmed by UV-DRS spectroscopy and LSV studies. The Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose catalyst revealed efficient stability even after four consecutive cycles. This method provides a simple method for the synthesis of Bi-doped ZrO2/cellulose nanocomposite as a functional biomaterial. DFT findings provide valuable insights into the Bi@ ZrO2/cellulose nanocomposites through adsorption energy, FMO and non-covalent interaction analysis.