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<p>Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a difficult disease to cure, with a poor five-year survival rate of about 11%. It is also known for its late-stage diagnosis and few available therapeutic options. This work used poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer to combine plumbagin (PLGN) and doxorubicin (Dox) in order to create a unique nanoparticle-based drug delivery system that targets PDAC. Methods: We synthesized various nanoparticle formulations, such as blank PLGA, PLGA-PLGN, PLGA-Dox conjugate, and PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were among the methods used for thorough characterization. Using Panc-1 and Mia-PaCa-2 PDAC cell lines, the nanoparticles’ drug loading effectiveness, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic toxicity were assessed. Results: The obtained results showed that the PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles had better properties, such as reduced particle size, high encapsulation effectiveness (94.55%), and regulated drug release at acidic pH. This formulation exhibited the maximum internalization of nanoparticles in cellular uptake experiments, while cytotoxicity testing demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity against PDAC cells with little haemolytic effects. Conclusion: With enhanced drug effectiveness and decreased systemic toxicity, the created PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles offer a promising targeted drug delivery strategy for possible PDAC therapy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional PLGA Nanoparticles: pH-Triggered Drug Release for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Shruti Gupta,
  • Sanya Batheja,
  • Umesh Gupta,
  • Kiran Kumar Tejavath

摘要

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a difficult disease to cure, with a poor five-year survival rate of about 11%. It is also known for its late-stage diagnosis and few available therapeutic options. This work used poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer to combine plumbagin (PLGN) and doxorubicin (Dox) in order to create a unique nanoparticle-based drug delivery system that targets PDAC. Methods: We synthesized various nanoparticle formulations, such as blank PLGA, PLGA-PLGN, PLGA-Dox conjugate, and PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were among the methods used for thorough characterization. Using Panc-1 and Mia-PaCa-2 PDAC cell lines, the nanoparticles’ drug loading effectiveness, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic toxicity were assessed. Results: The obtained results showed that the PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles had better properties, such as reduced particle size, high encapsulation effectiveness (94.55%), and regulated drug release at acidic pH. This formulation exhibited the maximum internalization of nanoparticles in cellular uptake experiments, while cytotoxicity testing demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity against PDAC cells with little haemolytic effects. Conclusion: With enhanced drug effectiveness and decreased systemic toxicity, the created PLGA-Dox conjugate-PLGN nanoparticles offer a promising targeted drug delivery strategy for possible PDAC therapy.

Graphical Abstract