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<p>A multifunctional TiO₂-based NPs, TiCaCoCur, was synthesized by coating TiO₂ nanoparticles with calcium, cobalt, and curcumin. XRD confirmed the retention of the anatase phase with crystallite sizes of 35&#xa0;nm for TiO₂ and 27&#xa0;nm for TiCaCoCur. FTIR verified curcumin incorporation via hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. UV–Vis spectra showed shifts in absorption peaks, indicating electronic interactions, while PL suggested the presence of surface defect states and improved electron–hole separation. SEM and TEM revealed spherical nanoparticles (~ 25–26&#xa0;nm) with SAED patterns consistent with XRD. DLS indicated a reduced hydrodynamic size (116 ± 6&#xa0;nm) for TiCaCoCur compared to TiO₂ (152 ± 8&#xa0;nm), and XPS confirmed the presence of Ti⁴⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, and surface-bound curcumin.TiCaCoCur exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and <i>C. albicans</i>, and showed improved DPPH radical scavenging activity, approaching that of Vitamin C. MTT assays on MOLT-4 cells demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with an IC₅₀ value of 8.7&#xa0;µg/mL for TiCaCoCur. In addition, a simple multivariable regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between key physicochemical parameters and biological activity. The results suggest that reduced particle size (DLS), smaller crystallite size (XRD), and changes in optical absorption behavior (UV–Vis) collectively contribute to the improved biological performance of the modified nanoparticles.Overall, the synergistic combination of TiO₂, curcumin, and metal ions yields a NPs with enhanced structural, optical, and biological properties, making it a promising candidate for biomedical applications including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer uses.</p>

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Calcium–Cobalt–Curcumin Functionalized TiO₂ Nanoparticles for Enhanced Biological Activities Using a Multivariable Regression Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • G. PadmaPriya,
  • Manisha Chandna,
  • Muhammad Mubashshir,
  • Prateek Garg,
  • Anisha Chaudhary,
  • Indumathi Thangavelu,
  • Prabu Pachiyannan,
  • Syed Haroon Abdul Gafoor

摘要

A multifunctional TiO₂-based NPs, TiCaCoCur, was synthesized by coating TiO₂ nanoparticles with calcium, cobalt, and curcumin. XRD confirmed the retention of the anatase phase with crystallite sizes of 35 nm for TiO₂ and 27 nm for TiCaCoCur. FTIR verified curcumin incorporation via hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. UV–Vis spectra showed shifts in absorption peaks, indicating electronic interactions, while PL suggested the presence of surface defect states and improved electron–hole separation. SEM and TEM revealed spherical nanoparticles (~ 25–26 nm) with SAED patterns consistent with XRD. DLS indicated a reduced hydrodynamic size (116 ± 6 nm) for TiCaCoCur compared to TiO₂ (152 ± 8 nm), and XPS confirmed the presence of Ti⁴⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, and surface-bound curcumin.TiCaCoCur exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and C. albicans, and showed improved DPPH radical scavenging activity, approaching that of Vitamin C. MTT assays on MOLT-4 cells demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with an IC₅₀ value of 8.7 µg/mL for TiCaCoCur. In addition, a simple multivariable regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between key physicochemical parameters and biological activity. The results suggest that reduced particle size (DLS), smaller crystallite size (XRD), and changes in optical absorption behavior (UV–Vis) collectively contribute to the improved biological performance of the modified nanoparticles.Overall, the synergistic combination of TiO₂, curcumin, and metal ions yields a NPs with enhanced structural, optical, and biological properties, making it a promising candidate for biomedical applications including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer uses.