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<p>TiO₂ NPs co-doped with barium (Ba) and cobalt (Co) (TiO₂BaCo NPs) were synthesized and characterized for structural, optical, and biological properties. XRD confirmed the preservation of the anatase TiO₂ structure, with Ba and Co primarily incorporated into the lattice and minor surface oxides detected. FTIR analysis revealed surface hydroxyl groups, metal–oxygen bonds, and residual organic moieties, while TEM showed nearly spherical NPs with an average diameter of ~ 38&#xa0;nm. DLS indicated a hydrodynamic size of 105.5&#xa0;nm and moderate polydispersity. UV–Vis spectra displayed red-shifted absorption peaks (265, 493, 665&#xa0;nm) compared to TiO₂, and photoluminescence analysis revealed multiple emissions (369–528&#xa0;nm) linked to surface defects and oxygen vacancies, indicating enhanced charge separation and surface reactivity. TiO₂BaCo NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 12&#xa0;mm, and dose-dependent antioxidant activity up to 82.5% at 100&#xa0;µg/mL. Cytotoxicity studies on Molt-4 blood cancer cells showed an IC₅₀ of 8.8&#xa0;µg/mL, compared to 10.6&#xa0;µg/mL for TiO₂, while L929 fibroblasts retained &gt; 81% viability. These results demonstrate that TiO₂BaCo NPs combine stable structure, surface defects, and enhanced electronic properties to achieve selective anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, highlighting their potential as multifunctional nanotherapeutics.</p>

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Development and Biological Evaluation of Ba and Co Ion-Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles for Enhanced Biomedical Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Nutan Sharma,
  • Abhinav Mishra,
  • Vijay J. Upadhye,
  • Tusha,
  • Subbulakshmi Ganesan,
  • Nittin Sharma,
  • Srinivas Tadepalli

摘要

TiO₂ NPs co-doped with barium (Ba) and cobalt (Co) (TiO₂BaCo NPs) were synthesized and characterized for structural, optical, and biological properties. XRD confirmed the preservation of the anatase TiO₂ structure, with Ba and Co primarily incorporated into the lattice and minor surface oxides detected. FTIR analysis revealed surface hydroxyl groups, metal–oxygen bonds, and residual organic moieties, while TEM showed nearly spherical NPs with an average diameter of ~ 38 nm. DLS indicated a hydrodynamic size of 105.5 nm and moderate polydispersity. UV–Vis spectra displayed red-shifted absorption peaks (265, 493, 665 nm) compared to TiO₂, and photoluminescence analysis revealed multiple emissions (369–528 nm) linked to surface defects and oxygen vacancies, indicating enhanced charge separation and surface reactivity. TiO₂BaCo NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 12 mm, and dose-dependent antioxidant activity up to 82.5% at 100 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity studies on Molt-4 blood cancer cells showed an IC₅₀ of 8.8 µg/mL, compared to 10.6 µg/mL for TiO₂, while L929 fibroblasts retained > 81% viability. These results demonstrate that TiO₂BaCo NPs combine stable structure, surface defects, and enhanced electronic properties to achieve selective anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, highlighting their potential as multifunctional nanotherapeutics.