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<p>Liver cancer and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose significant health challenges, highlighting the urgent need for multifunctional therapeutics. In this study, a TiO₂ nanocomposite co-doped with strontium (Sr) and cobalt (Co) and surface-functionalized with folic acid (TiO₂SrCoFA) nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by post-synthesis FA functionalization. XRD confirmed the anatase phase, with reduced crystallite size for TiO₂SrCoFA, while TEM showed spherical, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (~ 23&#xa0;nm) with no agglomeration. DLS revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 138.6&#xa0;nm, and XPS/FTIR confirmed Sr, Co, and FA incorporation. Optical studies (UV-Vis and PL) indicated electronic modifications conducive to ROS generation. TiO₂SrCoFA exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Bacillus subtilis</i>,<i> Bacillus megaterium</i>), Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>,<i> Proteus vulgaris</i>), and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Antioxidant assays demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging (28–83%) comparable to vitamin C. In HepG2 liver cancer cells, TiO₂SrCoFA showed superior cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 6.5&#xa0;µg/mL versus 9.8&#xa0;µg/mL for TiO₂, inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. The enhanced bioactivity is attributed to nanoscale size, Sr/Co doping, FA-mediated targeting, and ROS generation. TiO₂SrCoFA thus represents a promising multifunctional nanotherapeutic platform for simultaneous antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications.</p>

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sr and Co Co-Doped TiO₂–Folic Acid Nanocomposites: Antibacterial, Antifungal (Candida albicans), Antioxidant (DPPH and Trolox), and In Vitro Anticancer Activity against HepG2 Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Prakhar Goyal,
  • Suhas Ballal,
  • Ramesh Saini,
  • Kumud Kant Awasthi,
  • Lovish Dhingra,
  • Sachin S. Pund,
  • Indumathi Thangavelu,
  • Srinivas Tadepalli

摘要

Liver cancer and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose significant health challenges, highlighting the urgent need for multifunctional therapeutics. In this study, a TiO₂ nanocomposite co-doped with strontium (Sr) and cobalt (Co) and surface-functionalized with folic acid (TiO₂SrCoFA) nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by post-synthesis FA functionalization. XRD confirmed the anatase phase, with reduced crystallite size for TiO₂SrCoFA, while TEM showed spherical, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (~ 23 nm) with no agglomeration. DLS revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 138.6 nm, and XPS/FTIR confirmed Sr, Co, and FA incorporation. Optical studies (UV-Vis and PL) indicated electronic modifications conducive to ROS generation. TiO₂SrCoFA exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris), and Candida albicans. Antioxidant assays demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging (28–83%) comparable to vitamin C. In HepG2 liver cancer cells, TiO₂SrCoFA showed superior cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 µg/mL versus 9.8 µg/mL for TiO₂, inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. The enhanced bioactivity is attributed to nanoscale size, Sr/Co doping, FA-mediated targeting, and ROS generation. TiO₂SrCoFA thus represents a promising multifunctional nanotherapeutic platform for simultaneous antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications.