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<p>A cost-effective nanoemulsion (RBO-CGNE) using rice bran oil, clove oil, chitosan, and gum Arabic was developed to alleviate postharvest losses of highly perishable Sapota (<i>Manilkara zapota</i> L.), with ultrasonication and spray coating identified as the most effective formulation and application methods respectively. Characterisation revealed uniform, spherical droplets of 4.98&#xa0;nm and zeta potential of + 26.9 mV, resilient to stress with significantly low Surface tension (40.28 mN/m) and thermodynamically stable till 40 days retaining particle size below 30&#xa0;nm. Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon (MATH) assay revealed increased surface hydrophobicity (37.2%) in nanoemulsion treated yeast cells, suggesting reduced biofilm formation. Interestingly, RBO-CGNE treatment enhanced fruit quality by reducing decay, weight loss, calcium oxalate accumulation while retaining firmness and delaying ripening via lower sugar/Polygalacturonase (PGA) levels, maintained peel thickness, mesocarpic integrity and ascorbic acid levels surpassing the controls. A structured cost-benefit analysis was performed considering the raw materials cost (rice bran oil, clove oil, chitosan, gum Arabic). The total coating cost per kilogram of Sapota was calculated and compared with the market value of fruits preserved for an extended shelf life. Intriguingly, the edible coating’s high cost-benefit ratio (1:21.4), confirms its low-cost profitability and the synergistic blend extended shelf life to 10 days at 30–45&#xa0;°C, representing a scalable and eco-friendly post-harvest solution.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Formulation of a Natural, Cost Effective Nanoemulsion Utilizing Rice Bran Oil, Chitosan and Gum Arabic: Emphasis On Shelf-Life Extension of Manilkara zapota

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Divyesh Patel,
  • Janki Patel,
  • Nitin Varshney,
  • Hiral Aghara,
  • Palash Mandal,
  • Anamika Jha

摘要

A cost-effective nanoemulsion (RBO-CGNE) using rice bran oil, clove oil, chitosan, and gum Arabic was developed to alleviate postharvest losses of highly perishable Sapota (Manilkara zapota L.), with ultrasonication and spray coating identified as the most effective formulation and application methods respectively. Characterisation revealed uniform, spherical droplets of 4.98 nm and zeta potential of + 26.9 mV, resilient to stress with significantly low Surface tension (40.28 mN/m) and thermodynamically stable till 40 days retaining particle size below 30 nm. Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon (MATH) assay revealed increased surface hydrophobicity (37.2%) in nanoemulsion treated yeast cells, suggesting reduced biofilm formation. Interestingly, RBO-CGNE treatment enhanced fruit quality by reducing decay, weight loss, calcium oxalate accumulation while retaining firmness and delaying ripening via lower sugar/Polygalacturonase (PGA) levels, maintained peel thickness, mesocarpic integrity and ascorbic acid levels surpassing the controls. A structured cost-benefit analysis was performed considering the raw materials cost (rice bran oil, clove oil, chitosan, gum Arabic). The total coating cost per kilogram of Sapota was calculated and compared with the market value of fruits preserved for an extended shelf life. Intriguingly, the edible coating’s high cost-benefit ratio (1:21.4), confirms its low-cost profitability and the synergistic blend extended shelf life to 10 days at 30–45 °C, representing a scalable and eco-friendly post-harvest solution.

Graphical Abstract