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<p>Aim and Significance: Superficial fungal infections are difficult to treat due to the skin’s naturally low permeability, which limits drug penetration. One major obstacle in effective topical therapy is achieving sufficient delivery of luliconazole (LCZ) into the deeper skin layers. This study addresses that challenge by developing and assessing a nanoemulsion-based nanoemulgel system designed to enhance the dermal delivery and therapeutic efficiency of LCZ. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared using the high-speed homogenization technique. For optimal formulation, a Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied, allowing for fine-tuning of critical variables to ensure optimal drug delivery performance. Results: The optimized nanoemulsion exhibited a particle size of 120.66 ± 2.57&#xa0;nm with a zeta potential of + 18.9 ± 0.78 mV, indicating high colloidal stability. The resulting nanoemulgel showed favorable physicochemical characteristics, including suitable viscosity (45298 ± 170 cP) and a skin-friendly pH of 5.49 ± 0.7. In vitro release studies and ex vivo skin permeation analysis demonstrated effective LCZ diffusion through the skin with notable retention in dermal layers. Additionally, the formulation showed strong antifungal effects against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>, underscoring its therapeutic efficacy. The findings imply that formulation facilitated enhanced drug penetration through the agar medium, potentially contributing to a sustained antifungal effect. Conclusion: The LCZ-loaded nanoemulgel formulation effectively enhances drug penetration and retention within the skin, offering a promising approach for the topical treatment of fungal infections. The stability and efficacy of this delivery system highlight its potential to significantly improve dermatological therapies and patient outcomes in the management of superficial mycoses.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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DoE-Assisted Development and Characterization of Nanoemulsion-Loaded Topical Gel of Luliconazole Gel for the Effective Management of Dermal Fungal Infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Gaurav Khurana,
  • Vir Vikram Sharma,
  • Bharat Khurana,
  • Arti Soni,
  • Daisy Arora

摘要

Aim and Significance: Superficial fungal infections are difficult to treat due to the skin’s naturally low permeability, which limits drug penetration. One major obstacle in effective topical therapy is achieving sufficient delivery of luliconazole (LCZ) into the deeper skin layers. This study addresses that challenge by developing and assessing a nanoemulsion-based nanoemulgel system designed to enhance the dermal delivery and therapeutic efficiency of LCZ. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared using the high-speed homogenization technique. For optimal formulation, a Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied, allowing for fine-tuning of critical variables to ensure optimal drug delivery performance. Results: The optimized nanoemulsion exhibited a particle size of 120.66 ± 2.57 nm with a zeta potential of + 18.9 ± 0.78 mV, indicating high colloidal stability. The resulting nanoemulgel showed favorable physicochemical characteristics, including suitable viscosity (45298 ± 170 cP) and a skin-friendly pH of 5.49 ± 0.7. In vitro release studies and ex vivo skin permeation analysis demonstrated effective LCZ diffusion through the skin with notable retention in dermal layers. Additionally, the formulation showed strong antifungal effects against Candida albicans and Sporothrix schenckii, underscoring its therapeutic efficacy. The findings imply that formulation facilitated enhanced drug penetration through the agar medium, potentially contributing to a sustained antifungal effect. Conclusion: The LCZ-loaded nanoemulgel formulation effectively enhances drug penetration and retention within the skin, offering a promising approach for the topical treatment of fungal infections. The stability and efficacy of this delivery system highlight its potential to significantly improve dermatological therapies and patient outcomes in the management of superficial mycoses.

Graphical Abstract