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<p>Clindamycin phosphate is a lincosamide antibiotic derived from <i>Streptomyces lincolnensis</i>, effective in treating dermatological problems, particularly inflammation caused by acne. This study focuses on loading clindamycin phosphate onto the surface of silver nanoparticles, confirmed by the SPR band at 406&#xa0;nm. The size and morphology of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM which revealed the spherical morphology of silver nanoparticles with an average particle size of 72.4 ± 14&#xa0;nm. At neutral pH, the synthesized CLP-AgNPs’ zeta potential was found to be − 4.78 ± 0.5 mV, suggesting a slightly negative surface charge. The synthesized nanoparticles were further screened for their antibacterial potential, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition assays. Silver nanoparticles exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including resistant strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA01). The results showed that the clindamycin phosphate was inactive whereas clindamycin phosphate-loaded nanoparticles showed immense activity against selected strains. The silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis with</i> 18.2 ± 1.6&#xa0;mm zone of inhibition.</p><p>Additionally, the silver nanoparticles revealed eminent antioxidant activity in comparison to clindamycin phosphate, exhibiting % RSA of 81.1 ± 1.1. The AgNPs demonstrated an approximately 8 times greater urease inhibitory potential, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 2.8 ± 0.2, compared to clindamycin phosphate alone (IC<sub>50</sub> of 31.25 ± 0.16). The remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant, and urease inhibition capabilities of silver nanoparticles render them highly appropriate as therapeutic inhibitors.</p>

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Synergistic Urease Inhibition by Clindamycin Phosphate-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles: A Novel Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Bisma Riaz,
  • Rizwana Sarwar,
  • Umar Farooq,
  • Nadia Riaz,
  • Asma Zaidi,
  • Aneela Khushal,
  • Bilal Ahmad Khan,
  • M Ahmed Mesaik,
  • Mohammad Zubair,
  • Roba Alatawy,
  • Ajmal Khan,
  • Ahmed Al-Harrasi

摘要

Clindamycin phosphate is a lincosamide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis, effective in treating dermatological problems, particularly inflammation caused by acne. This study focuses on loading clindamycin phosphate onto the surface of silver nanoparticles, confirmed by the SPR band at 406 nm. The size and morphology of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM which revealed the spherical morphology of silver nanoparticles with an average particle size of 72.4 ± 14 nm. At neutral pH, the synthesized CLP-AgNPs’ zeta potential was found to be − 4.78 ± 0.5 mV, suggesting a slightly negative surface charge. The synthesized nanoparticles were further screened for their antibacterial potential, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition assays. Silver nanoparticles exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01). The results showed that the clindamycin phosphate was inactive whereas clindamycin phosphate-loaded nanoparticles showed immense activity against selected strains. The silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against Bacillus subtilis with 18.2 ± 1.6 mm zone of inhibition.

Additionally, the silver nanoparticles revealed eminent antioxidant activity in comparison to clindamycin phosphate, exhibiting % RSA of 81.1 ± 1.1. The AgNPs demonstrated an approximately 8 times greater urease inhibitory potential, with an IC50 of 2.8 ± 0.2, compared to clindamycin phosphate alone (IC50 of 31.25 ± 0.16). The remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant, and urease inhibition capabilities of silver nanoparticles render them highly appropriate as therapeutic inhibitors.