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<p>Zinc (Zn) use efficiency from conventional fertilizer sources seldom exceeds 2–5%, severely limiting crop productivity. This challenge is further intensified in India due to the widespread prevalence of Zn deficiency in soils. In addition, the high solubility and rapid release of ZnSO₄·7&#xa0;H₂O restrict its effectiveness for sustained Zn nutrition. These constraints underscore the need for alternative micronutrient delivery systems capable of improving Zn use efficiency. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches have emerged as a promising strategy for developing controlled-release micronutrient formulations. In the present study, bio-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under laboratory conditions using <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> strain BAU 012 as the biological reducing and stabilizing agent. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated an average particle size of 67.79&#xa0;nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystalline wurtzite (zincite) phase, validating the formation of ZnO nanoparticles. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the release dynamics of DTPA-extractable Zn from the bio-synthesized ZnO NPs in comparison with ZnSO₄·7&#xa0;H₂O in two contrasting soils, classified as Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. The bio-coated ZnO NPs exhibited a gradual and sustained increase in DTPA-extractable Zn up to 45 days of incubation, indicating a slow and controlled release behaviour. These results highlight the potential of bio-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles as an efficient Zn delivery system for improving micronutrient availability in soils.</p>

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Synthesis, Characterization and Slow-release Behaviour of Bio-coated Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) in Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Debjit Chakraborty,
  • Nintu Mandal,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Tushar Ranjan,
  • Mahendra Singh,
  • Satdev Rokana,
  • Souvik Sadhu

摘要

Zinc (Zn) use efficiency from conventional fertilizer sources seldom exceeds 2–5%, severely limiting crop productivity. This challenge is further intensified in India due to the widespread prevalence of Zn deficiency in soils. In addition, the high solubility and rapid release of ZnSO₄·7 H₂O restrict its effectiveness for sustained Zn nutrition. These constraints underscore the need for alternative micronutrient delivery systems capable of improving Zn use efficiency. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches have emerged as a promising strategy for developing controlled-release micronutrient formulations. In the present study, bio-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under laboratory conditions using Bacillus pumilus strain BAU 012 as the biological reducing and stabilizing agent. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated an average particle size of 67.79 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystalline wurtzite (zincite) phase, validating the formation of ZnO nanoparticles. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the release dynamics of DTPA-extractable Zn from the bio-synthesized ZnO NPs in comparison with ZnSO₄·7 H₂O in two contrasting soils, classified as Typic Haplustepts and Typic Ustifluvents. The bio-coated ZnO NPs exhibited a gradual and sustained increase in DTPA-extractable Zn up to 45 days of incubation, indicating a slow and controlled release behaviour. These results highlight the potential of bio-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles as an efficient Zn delivery system for improving micronutrient availability in soils.