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<p>Since silver nanoparticles have a higher degree of durability and a lower chemical reactivity than other metals, compared to other metals, it is an essential nanotechnology breakthrough. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized in various ways, and from there, nanoparticles with a range of sizes, shapes, and coatings can be produced by optimizing various parameters. These characteristics directly affect the ultimate qualities of AgNPs and, consequently, the uses for which they can be applied. Recent years have seen an assessment of the possibility of producing stable and homogenous nanoparticles with better antimicrobial properties and lower cytotoxicity using phytochemicals found in plants or enzymes produced by various microorganisms (develop green synthesis methods), in line with the trend of looking for environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This current study delineates the fundamental differences between the chemical and biological synthesis of AgNPs, examines the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and explores the correlation between the toxicity of the final product towards certain species and the manufacturing strategy used.</p>

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Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles and its Relationship to their Source: A Comparison Between Biological and Chemical Synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

查看全文
  • Araa Ali Hadi,
  • Noor Mahmood Mahdi,
  • Tuqa Z. Omran,
  • Mohammed Zorah,
  • Hayder A. Naser,
  • Hasan Ali Alsailawi,
  • Mustafa Mudhafar

摘要

Since silver nanoparticles have a higher degree of durability and a lower chemical reactivity than other metals, compared to other metals, it is an essential nanotechnology breakthrough. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized in various ways, and from there, nanoparticles with a range of sizes, shapes, and coatings can be produced by optimizing various parameters. These characteristics directly affect the ultimate qualities of AgNPs and, consequently, the uses for which they can be applied. Recent years have seen an assessment of the possibility of producing stable and homogenous nanoparticles with better antimicrobial properties and lower cytotoxicity using phytochemicals found in plants or enzymes produced by various microorganisms (develop green synthesis methods), in line with the trend of looking for environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This current study delineates the fundamental differences between the chemical and biological synthesis of AgNPs, examines the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and explores the correlation between the toxicity of the final product towards certain species and the manufacturing strategy used.