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<p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer significant industrial potential; however, their application in cosmetics is limited by safety concerns, as their performance and suitability strongly depend on the synthesis method. In this study, we present a simple, rapid, low-energy, and solvent-free micellar synthesis using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a stabilizing and capping agent. This approach exploits micelles as nanoreactors, enabling controlled crystal growth and precise tuning of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were further functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cysteine (cys) and glycine (gly) to evaluate the effect of surface modification on their properties. The micellar synthesis yielded stable, spherical, and monodisperse AgNPs with controlled sizes ranging from 8 to 50&#xa0;nm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the picomolar range were observed against both bacterial and fungal strains, with antimicrobial efficacy modulated by the nature of the surface capping agent. Notably, cell viability remained above 100% in keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, suggesting a favorable in vitro safety profile for cosmetic applications. Two types of functionalized AgNPs were selected for incorporation into carbomer-based hydrogels and their effectiveness was evaluated using in vitro assays, including antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion, antioxidant capacity using the 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method, and photoprotective performance evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) determination. Hydrogels containing nanomaterials exhibited relevant antimicrobial effects and enhanced antioxidant and photoprotective activity. Overall, this work provides a versatile platform for designing AgNPs with tunable properties, offering valuable insights into their safety, efficacy, and responsible application in cosmetic formulations.</p>

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Modulation of the Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Cysteine and Glycine Obtained from Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Micelles for Cosmetic Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Rossannie Guasamucare,
  • Silvana Albores,
  • Cecilia Dauber,
  • Ignacio Vieitez,
  • Luis Eduardo Díaz,
  • Juan Carlos Pereira,
  • María Emma Parente,
  • Livia Arizaga

摘要

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer significant industrial potential; however, their application in cosmetics is limited by safety concerns, as their performance and suitability strongly depend on the synthesis method. In this study, we present a simple, rapid, low-energy, and solvent-free micellar synthesis using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a stabilizing and capping agent. This approach exploits micelles as nanoreactors, enabling controlled crystal growth and precise tuning of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were further functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cysteine (cys) and glycine (gly) to evaluate the effect of surface modification on their properties. The micellar synthesis yielded stable, spherical, and monodisperse AgNPs with controlled sizes ranging from 8 to 50 nm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the picomolar range were observed against both bacterial and fungal strains, with antimicrobial efficacy modulated by the nature of the surface capping agent. Notably, cell viability remained above 100% in keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, suggesting a favorable in vitro safety profile for cosmetic applications. Two types of functionalized AgNPs were selected for incorporation into carbomer-based hydrogels and their effectiveness was evaluated using in vitro assays, including antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion, antioxidant capacity using the 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method, and photoprotective performance evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) determination. Hydrogels containing nanomaterials exhibited relevant antimicrobial effects and enhanced antioxidant and photoprotective activity. Overall, this work provides a versatile platform for designing AgNPs with tunable properties, offering valuable insights into their safety, efficacy, and responsible application in cosmetic formulations.