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<p>This study explored the multifaceted biomedical and environmental safety profile of a CeO<sub>2</sub>/NiO nanocomposite synthesized via a facile solution combustion method, followed by calcination at 500℃. The nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM-EDX, DLS, and PL spectroscopy. UV-Vis analysis revealed a band gap of 3.04&#xa0;eV, intermediate between pure CeO<sub>2</sub> (~ 3.2&#xa0;eV) and NiO (~ 3.6 to 4.0&#xa0;eV), confirming effective heterojunction formation. XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of both CeO<sub>2</sub> (fluorite cubic) and NiO (rock-salt cubic) without impurities, while FESEM images showed spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 20 to 100&#xa0;nm. DLS indicated good colloidal stability with a hydrodynamic size of 40 to 100&#xa0;nm and a low polydispersity index (&lt; 0.3). In vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that the nanocomposite exhibited significant and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 60.62 ± 2.87&#xa0;µg/mL for K562, 56.08 ± 2.04&#xa0;µg/mL for A549, and 39.45 ± 1.47&#xa0;µg/mL for HepG2—comparable or superior to doxorubicin (64.42 ± 1.57, 75.76 ± 1.47, and 67.80 ± 2.29&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively). In contrast, it showed markedly lower toxicity toward normal L929 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 106.55 ± 1.31&#xa0;µg/mL) compared to doxorubicin (54.57 ± 2.60&#xa0;µg/mL). Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidative activities were present but significantly weaker than standards: e.g., IC<sub>50</sub> values for anti-inflammatory (69.12 ± 2.18&#xa0;µg/mL vs. 39.09 ± 1.62&#xa0;µg/mL for ibuprofen) and for DPPH scavenging (82.22 ± 2.50&#xa0;µg/mL vs. 47.41 ± 2.41&#xa0;µg/mL for ascorbic acid). Eco-toxicity assessment using <i>Artemia nauplii</i> revealed a low-toxicity profile, with mortality reaching only 51.67 ± 0.94% at 100&#xa0;µg/mL after 60&#xa0;h, compared to 100% mortality for potassium dichromate at 20&#xa0;µg/mL within 48&#xa0;h. These findings highlight the CeO<sub>2</sub>/NiO nanocomposite as a promising selective anticancer agent with favorable biocompatibility and environmental safety.</p>

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A Multifunctional CeO2/NiO Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications With Selective Anticancer Activity and Low Eco-Toxicity: In Vitro Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Suribabu Naik Bhukya,
  • Aditya Velidandi,
  • Chaitanya S.M.K.,
  • Ravi Boda,
  • Anil Kumar B,
  • Nageswara Rao Medikondu,
  • Naresh Kumar Rotte

摘要

This study explored the multifaceted biomedical and environmental safety profile of a CeO2/NiO nanocomposite synthesized via a facile solution combustion method, followed by calcination at 500℃. The nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM-EDX, DLS, and PL spectroscopy. UV-Vis analysis revealed a band gap of 3.04 eV, intermediate between pure CeO2 (~ 3.2 eV) and NiO (~ 3.6 to 4.0 eV), confirming effective heterojunction formation. XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of both CeO2 (fluorite cubic) and NiO (rock-salt cubic) without impurities, while FESEM images showed spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. DLS indicated good colloidal stability with a hydrodynamic size of 40 to 100 nm and a low polydispersity index (< 0.3). In vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that the nanocomposite exhibited significant and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 60.62 ± 2.87 µg/mL for K562, 56.08 ± 2.04 µg/mL for A549, and 39.45 ± 1.47 µg/mL for HepG2—comparable or superior to doxorubicin (64.42 ± 1.57, 75.76 ± 1.47, and 67.80 ± 2.29 µg/mL, respectively). In contrast, it showed markedly lower toxicity toward normal L929 cells (IC50 = 106.55 ± 1.31 µg/mL) compared to doxorubicin (54.57 ± 2.60 µg/mL). Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidative activities were present but significantly weaker than standards: e.g., IC50 values for anti-inflammatory (69.12 ± 2.18 µg/mL vs. 39.09 ± 1.62 µg/mL for ibuprofen) and for DPPH scavenging (82.22 ± 2.50 µg/mL vs. 47.41 ± 2.41 µg/mL for ascorbic acid). Eco-toxicity assessment using Artemia nauplii revealed a low-toxicity profile, with mortality reaching only 51.67 ± 0.94% at 100 µg/mL after 60 h, compared to 100% mortality for potassium dichromate at 20 µg/mL within 48 h. These findings highlight the CeO2/NiO nanocomposite as a promising selective anticancer agent with favorable biocompatibility and environmental safety.