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<p>The synthesis and antimicrobial assessment of a chitosan–magnesium oxide nanocomposite produced from <i>Doryteuthis sibogae</i> for possible oral healthcare uses are reported in this study. Magnesium oxide was added after chitosan was dispersed in distilled water to create the nanocomposite. Successful integration was verified by structural characterization: Characteristic peaks at 3202, 2888, 1638, and 1024&#xa0;cm⁻¹ were found in Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectral Analysis (FTIR) spectra. These peaks corresponded to functional groups linked to chitosan–magnesium oxide bonding. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX) examination revealed elemental contributions from carbon, oxygen, magnesium, phosphorus, and trace gold, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed heterogeneous surface morphology with particle aggregation and porosity. Its appropriateness for biological applications was supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination, which showed a mostly amorphous structure with crystalline peaks at 16.60°, 21.44°, 26.92°, and 33.95°. Using zone of inhibition tests at 25, 50, and 100&#xa0;µg/mL, antimicrobial activity was evaluated against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>,<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. <i>S. aureus</i> remained resistant at all concentrations; however, the nanocomposite showed concentration-dependent inhibition, with maximal zones seen for <i>S. mutans</i>,<i> P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i> at 100&#xa0;µg/mL. Selective activity was further confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays: <i>C. albicans</i> showed moderate inhibition at 0.5&#xa0;mg/mL, weak at 1&#xa0;mg/mL, and no activity beyond 1.5&#xa0;mg/mL; <i>S. mutans</i> showed weak inhibition only at 0.5&#xa0;mg/mlL with no activity at higher concentrations; <i>P. aeruginosa</i> showed strong inhibition at 0.5&#xa0;mg/mL, which decreased to weak at 1.5&#xa0;mg/mL. The nanocomposite showed selective but encouraging efficacy when compared to common antibiotics such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and fluconazole. These results demonstrate the synergistic relationship between chitosan and magnesium oxide, whereby increased surface contact and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to improved antimicrobial efficacy. For oral healthcare formulations including mouthwashes, dental coatings, and wound dressings, the chitosan–magnesium oxide nanocomposite therefore offers a durable and bioactive substitute. It is very pertinent in tackling the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance because of its natural origin, biocompatibility, and selective antimicrobial potency.</p>

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Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chitosan and Magnesium Oxide Nanocomposite from Doryteuthis sibogae against Oral Pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Manish Suresh Babu,
  • Yagniyasree Manogaran,
  • Revathi Duraisamy,
  • Dhanraj Ganapathy,
  • Saravanan Sekaran,
  • Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

摘要

The synthesis and antimicrobial assessment of a chitosan–magnesium oxide nanocomposite produced from Doryteuthis sibogae for possible oral healthcare uses are reported in this study. Magnesium oxide was added after chitosan was dispersed in distilled water to create the nanocomposite. Successful integration was verified by structural characterization: Characteristic peaks at 3202, 2888, 1638, and 1024 cm⁻¹ were found in Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectral Analysis (FTIR) spectra. These peaks corresponded to functional groups linked to chitosan–magnesium oxide bonding. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX) examination revealed elemental contributions from carbon, oxygen, magnesium, phosphorus, and trace gold, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed heterogeneous surface morphology with particle aggregation and porosity. Its appropriateness for biological applications was supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination, which showed a mostly amorphous structure with crystalline peaks at 16.60°, 21.44°, 26.92°, and 33.95°. Using zone of inhibition tests at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. S. aureus remained resistant at all concentrations; however, the nanocomposite showed concentration-dependent inhibition, with maximal zones seen for S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans at 100 µg/mL. Selective activity was further confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays: C. albicans showed moderate inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL, weak at 1 mg/mL, and no activity beyond 1.5 mg/mL; S. mutans showed weak inhibition only at 0.5 mg/mlL with no activity at higher concentrations; P. aeruginosa showed strong inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL, which decreased to weak at 1.5 mg/mL. The nanocomposite showed selective but encouraging efficacy when compared to common antibiotics such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and fluconazole. These results demonstrate the synergistic relationship between chitosan and magnesium oxide, whereby increased surface contact and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to improved antimicrobial efficacy. For oral healthcare formulations including mouthwashes, dental coatings, and wound dressings, the chitosan–magnesium oxide nanocomposite therefore offers a durable and bioactive substitute. It is very pertinent in tackling the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance because of its natural origin, biocompatibility, and selective antimicrobial potency.