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<p>Naringin (NR) has been recognized as a potent flavonoid having notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The unusual physicochemical properties of NR, such as poor water solubility, limit its therapeutic efficacy despite its pharmacological significance. Because of its natural antioxidant and anticancer properties, lecithin is considered a safe surfactant. It is being hypothesized that biotin-conjugated carriers could enhance the uptake of anticancer drugs by tumor cells, making them effective in tumor-targeting. In this study, amphiphilic biotin (ABT) was synthesized and incorporated into a lecithin-based SNEEDS to improve the anticancer and antioxidant properties of NR. Solubility of NR in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was assessed to select the best constituents for the SNEDDS formulation. A ternary phase diagram for choosing formulation composition was produced based on droplet size, zeta potential, and emulsification studies. The formulation primarily consists of lipid (cinnamon oil), surfactants (Tween 60 + Lecithin), and a co-surfactant (Transcutol). Optimized formulations were characterized using FTIR, DLS, and AFM. These formulations were further evaluated for thermodynamic stability and dilution. The results showed that the mean droplet size and zeta potential for ABT-incorporated NR-SNEDDS were 128.17 ± 19.11&#xa0;nm and − 21.4 ± 1.53 mV, whereas for NR-SNEDDS were 116.47 ± 19.12&#xa0;nm and − 32.5 ± 2.19 mV, respectively. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of NR were significantly enhanced by incorporating it into the ABT-modified SNEDDS, according to the findings. The results suggest that incorporating novel Lecithin containing ABT functionalized NR-loaded SNEDDS can significantly improve the anticancer and antioxidant capabilities of NR.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Design and Development of a New Lecithin Containing Alkylated Biotin Functionalized Naringin Loaded Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Tauseef Ahmad,
  • Tasmina Kanwal,
  • Khadija Rehman,
  • Ali Asgher Shuja,
  • Abdul Jabbar,
  • Wajeeha Muzafar,
  • Shafi Ullah,
  • Farhat Ullah,
  • Shabana Usman Simjee,
  • Muhammad Raza Shah

摘要

Naringin (NR) has been recognized as a potent flavonoid having notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The unusual physicochemical properties of NR, such as poor water solubility, limit its therapeutic efficacy despite its pharmacological significance. Because of its natural antioxidant and anticancer properties, lecithin is considered a safe surfactant. It is being hypothesized that biotin-conjugated carriers could enhance the uptake of anticancer drugs by tumor cells, making them effective in tumor-targeting. In this study, amphiphilic biotin (ABT) was synthesized and incorporated into a lecithin-based SNEEDS to improve the anticancer and antioxidant properties of NR. Solubility of NR in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was assessed to select the best constituents for the SNEDDS formulation. A ternary phase diagram for choosing formulation composition was produced based on droplet size, zeta potential, and emulsification studies. The formulation primarily consists of lipid (cinnamon oil), surfactants (Tween 60 + Lecithin), and a co-surfactant (Transcutol). Optimized formulations were characterized using FTIR, DLS, and AFM. These formulations were further evaluated for thermodynamic stability and dilution. The results showed that the mean droplet size and zeta potential for ABT-incorporated NR-SNEDDS were 128.17 ± 19.11 nm and − 21.4 ± 1.53 mV, whereas for NR-SNEDDS were 116.47 ± 19.12 nm and − 32.5 ± 2.19 mV, respectively. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of NR were significantly enhanced by incorporating it into the ABT-modified SNEDDS, according to the findings. The results suggest that incorporating novel Lecithin containing ABT functionalized NR-loaded SNEDDS can significantly improve the anticancer and antioxidant capabilities of NR.

Graphical Abstract