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<p>Omphalitis is a bacterial infection of the umbilicus and can be fatal if left untreated. Current treatments are expensive, invasive and prone to drug resistance with gruesome side effects for infants. The aim of this study is to formulate, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel. Curcumin loaded ethosomes were prepared using ‘cold method’ and characterized. Formulations H1, (curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel), H2, (chlorhexidine hydrogel) H3, (curcumin loaded hydrogel) and the control (plain hydrogel) were prepared. They were characterized for physicochemical properties including color, smell, texture, pH, viscosity, and swelling index. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations against <i>Escherichia coli</i>,<i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, was evaluated using the ‘well-diffusion’ method. Stability studies were conducted over a period of 120 days at 24℃, 60% RH. Ethosomes had vesicles with smooth surfaces and size ranging from 329.85 to 464.09&#xa0;nm. The encapsulation efficiency was 92%. Higher release of curcumin was observed at pH 5.5 when compared that obtained at pH 7.0. pH of the H1-H3, and control was between 6 and 7.5 for safety since the pH of the umbilical cord is 7.0. Viscosity results showed that all formulations were easily spreadable on dermal application. H1 demonstrated clear zones of inhibition against all three bacteria indicating potent antimicrobial activity. All formulations remained stable throughout storage period. Curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel aims to deliver curcumin and chlorhexidine to the umbilicus to eliminate the microbial load causing the infection thereby encouraging a positive therapeutic outcome.</p>

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Curcumin Loaded Ethosomes in Chlorhexidine Hydrogel for Treatment of Omphalitis in Neonates and Infants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Ibilola Mary Cardoso-Daodu,
  • Margaret Okonawan Ilomuanya

摘要

Omphalitis is a bacterial infection of the umbilicus and can be fatal if left untreated. Current treatments are expensive, invasive and prone to drug resistance with gruesome side effects for infants. The aim of this study is to formulate, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel. Curcumin loaded ethosomes were prepared using ‘cold method’ and characterized. Formulations H1, (curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel), H2, (chlorhexidine hydrogel) H3, (curcumin loaded hydrogel) and the control (plain hydrogel) were prepared. They were characterized for physicochemical properties including color, smell, texture, pH, viscosity, and swelling index. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, was evaluated using the ‘well-diffusion’ method. Stability studies were conducted over a period of 120 days at 24℃, 60% RH. Ethosomes had vesicles with smooth surfaces and size ranging from 329.85 to 464.09 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was 92%. Higher release of curcumin was observed at pH 5.5 when compared that obtained at pH 7.0. pH of the H1-H3, and control was between 6 and 7.5 for safety since the pH of the umbilical cord is 7.0. Viscosity results showed that all formulations were easily spreadable on dermal application. H1 demonstrated clear zones of inhibition against all three bacteria indicating potent antimicrobial activity. All formulations remained stable throughout storage period. Curcumin loaded ethosomes in chlorhexidine hydrogel aims to deliver curcumin and chlorhexidine to the umbilicus to eliminate the microbial load causing the infection thereby encouraging a positive therapeutic outcome.