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<p>Lung Cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with conventional therapies often limited by low efficacy and systemic toxicity. Inhalable micron- and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer localized drug deposition, reduced side effects, and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the potential of inhalable NDDS for LC therapy, focusing on nanocarrier formulations, pulmonary drug delivery mechanisms, and challenges such as pulmonary clearance, toxicity, and regulatory barriers. Nanocarrier-based inhalation therapies, including liposomes, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, enhance tumour targeting and drug retention. However, mucociliary clearance and systemic absorption remain challenges. Advances in stimuli-responsive NPs and smart inhalation devices offer promising solutions. Inhalable NDDS hold significant promise for revolutionizing LC treatment through targeted, efficient drug delivery. However, successful clinical translation will require not only standardized trial designs but also interdisciplinary approaches, for example, combining materials science to engineer nanoparticles, pharmacology and toxicology to assess safety, pulmonology to ensure clinical relevance, and regulatory science to guide approval.</p>

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Exploration of Inhalable Nanoparticles for Lung Cancer Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Aayush Prakash,
  • Rishabha Malviya,
  • Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar,
  • Tarun Wadhwa,
  • Javedh Shareef

摘要

Lung Cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with conventional therapies often limited by low efficacy and systemic toxicity. Inhalable micron- and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer localized drug deposition, reduced side effects, and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the potential of inhalable NDDS for LC therapy, focusing on nanocarrier formulations, pulmonary drug delivery mechanisms, and challenges such as pulmonary clearance, toxicity, and regulatory barriers. Nanocarrier-based inhalation therapies, including liposomes, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, enhance tumour targeting and drug retention. However, mucociliary clearance and systemic absorption remain challenges. Advances in stimuli-responsive NPs and smart inhalation devices offer promising solutions. Inhalable NDDS hold significant promise for revolutionizing LC treatment through targeted, efficient drug delivery. However, successful clinical translation will require not only standardized trial designs but also interdisciplinary approaches, for example, combining materials science to engineer nanoparticles, pharmacology and toxicology to assess safety, pulmonology to ensure clinical relevance, and regulatory science to guide approval.