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<p>This study provides mechanistic findings that foliar spray of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) mitigates arsenic (As) toxicity in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) by modulating antioxidant defense systems, quenching ROS, and decreasing As uptake and accumulation in plant tissues. All experimental steps, from seed sowing to stress treatment, were carried out under controlled growth chamber conditions to ensure uniform plant growth and physiological status. Ten-day-old <i>Z. mays</i> seedlings treated with arsenic stress (NaAsO₂) exhibited growth inhibition, oxidative damage, and reduced photosynthesis; however, application of TiO₂ NPs at 25 and 50&#xa0;mg/L alleviated the adverse effects of As exposure, of which 50&#xa0;mg/L treatment enhanced the growth of the roots and shoots by 32% and 25%, respectively. Chlorophyll content increased significantly by 57%, whereas ROS production, H₂O₂ content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were significantly reduced. Notably, TiO₂ NPs at 50&#xa0;mg/L suppressed As accumulation by 53.2% in roots and 76.6% in shoots. Confocal and histochemical studies confirmed lowered ROS accumulation and increased membrane stability. Antioxidant enzymes in the maize seedlings were significantly induced, and our studies showed a 69.7% and 50% increase in the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Our results confirm the utility of TiO₂ NPs to increase As toxicity tolerance of maize by improved oxidative protection and inhibition of uptake of As metal.</p>

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Understanding the Mechanism of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Mediated Alleviation of Arsenic Toxicity in Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Tahira Akhtar Bhat,
  • Showkat Ahmad Bhat,
  • Rayees Ahmad Rather,
  • Sabeeha Bashir,
  • Neeti Sanan-Mishra,
  • Riffat John

摘要

This study provides mechanistic findings that foliar spray of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) mitigates arsenic (As) toxicity in maize (Zea mays) by modulating antioxidant defense systems, quenching ROS, and decreasing As uptake and accumulation in plant tissues. All experimental steps, from seed sowing to stress treatment, were carried out under controlled growth chamber conditions to ensure uniform plant growth and physiological status. Ten-day-old Z. mays seedlings treated with arsenic stress (NaAsO₂) exhibited growth inhibition, oxidative damage, and reduced photosynthesis; however, application of TiO₂ NPs at 25 and 50 mg/L alleviated the adverse effects of As exposure, of which 50 mg/L treatment enhanced the growth of the roots and shoots by 32% and 25%, respectively. Chlorophyll content increased significantly by 57%, whereas ROS production, H₂O₂ content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage were significantly reduced. Notably, TiO₂ NPs at 50 mg/L suppressed As accumulation by 53.2% in roots and 76.6% in shoots. Confocal and histochemical studies confirmed lowered ROS accumulation and increased membrane stability. Antioxidant enzymes in the maize seedlings were significantly induced, and our studies showed a 69.7% and 50% increase in the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Our results confirm the utility of TiO₂ NPs to increase As toxicity tolerance of maize by improved oxidative protection and inhibition of uptake of As metal.