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<p>Neurology and neuroscience are increasingly converging with nanobiotechnology, creating novel opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. This review explores recent advances in nanotechnology for brain-targeted interventions and gut microbiota regulation, highlighting their integration as promising strategies in translational neuroscience. Nanotechnology enables the design of materials at a sub-100&#xa0;nm scale, which possess distinctive physicochemical and biological properties that improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic index while supporting both passive and active targeting. Over the past two decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have gained a central role in precision medicine by facilitating site-specific drug delivery, minimizing systemic toxicity, and advancing diagnostic imaging. Engineered nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical models of glioblastoma, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease through enhanced blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, targeted payload delivery, and real-time monitoring. Parallel to CNS-directed applications, the gut-brain axis (GBA) has emerged as a critical therapeutic target, as microbial dysbiosis contributes to both neurological and psychiatric disorders. NPs exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that directly influence gut microbial composition. Appropriately designed formulations can selectively suppress pathogenic microbes while supporting commensal populations, thereby restoring eubiosis. Furthermore, encapsulation of probiotics within nanocarriers enhances their stability and therapeutic efficacy, offering a translational pathway for microbiome modulation. Preserving BBB integrity and maintaining intestinal barrier function remain essential for safety and therapeutic precision. Together, nanotechnology-driven brain-targeted therapy and microbiota modulation represent complementary and innovative strategies with significant promise for advancing neurology and neuroscience.</p>

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Convergence in Nanomedicine: Integrating Brain-Targeted Delivery and Gut Microbiota Modulation for Neurological Protection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Ananya Banerjee,
  • Arunava Goswami,
  • Abhishek Choudhury

摘要

Neurology and neuroscience are increasingly converging with nanobiotechnology, creating novel opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. This review explores recent advances in nanotechnology for brain-targeted interventions and gut microbiota regulation, highlighting their integration as promising strategies in translational neuroscience. Nanotechnology enables the design of materials at a sub-100 nm scale, which possess distinctive physicochemical and biological properties that improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic index while supporting both passive and active targeting. Over the past two decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have gained a central role in precision medicine by facilitating site-specific drug delivery, minimizing systemic toxicity, and advancing diagnostic imaging. Engineered nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical models of glioblastoma, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease through enhanced blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, targeted payload delivery, and real-time monitoring. Parallel to CNS-directed applications, the gut-brain axis (GBA) has emerged as a critical therapeutic target, as microbial dysbiosis contributes to both neurological and psychiatric disorders. NPs exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that directly influence gut microbial composition. Appropriately designed formulations can selectively suppress pathogenic microbes while supporting commensal populations, thereby restoring eubiosis. Furthermore, encapsulation of probiotics within nanocarriers enhances their stability and therapeutic efficacy, offering a translational pathway for microbiome modulation. Preserving BBB integrity and maintaining intestinal barrier function remain essential for safety and therapeutic precision. Together, nanotechnology-driven brain-targeted therapy and microbiota modulation represent complementary and innovative strategies with significant promise for advancing neurology and neuroscience.