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<p>L-theanine, a bioactive compound from <i>Camellia sinensis</i>, exhibits anticancer effects by modulating apoptotic and caspase-dependent pathways. However, the rapid systemic clearance of L-theanine limits its therapeutic potential. To overcome this, an aluminium-based metal-organic gel (Al-BTC MOG) was developed as a nanocarrier to encapsulate and stabilize L-theanine. MOGs, structurally related to MOFs, possess a porous 3D network, mechanical stability, and tunable properties ideal for drug delivery. The formulated preparations were characterized and checked for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. DLS showed an increase in particle size from 82.53&#xa0;nm (Al-BTC MOG) to 110.95&#xa0;nm upon drug loading (Al-BTC@Th MOG), with zeta potentials &gt; ± 30 mV indicating good colloidal stability. SEM analysis revealed porous morphology, which appeared more amorphous upon drug loading, aligning with the PXRD data. FTIR confirmed the encapsulation of L-theanine via amide I band shift from 1643&#xa0;cm⁻¹ to 1624&#xa0;cm⁻¹. The encapsulation efficiency of L-theanine into Al-BTC MOG was found to be 99.43%. In vitro release analysis revealed pH-dependent behavior, with 53.46 ± 1.02% and 39.96 ± 0.70% release at pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively, after 48&#xa0;h, as predicted by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with a non-Fickian kinetic mechanism. Antioxidant activity increased over time, reaching 32.96% at 330&#xa0;min and 49.10% at 510&#xa0;min in comparison to free L-theanine. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated an enhanced anticancer activity of Al-BTC@Th MOG against MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to Al-BTC MOG, indicating greater potency of the drug-loaded formulation. The system offers a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing anticancer efficacy through controlled and targeted release.</p>

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Formulating an Al-BTC Metal–organic Gel for Efficient Delivery of L-Theanine in Cancer Therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Sai Shraddha,
  • Anushya Selvakumar,
  • Perpetual Ansel Chandran,
  • Loganathan Chandramani Priya Dharshini,
  • Abul Kalam Azad Mandal

摘要

L-theanine, a bioactive compound from Camellia sinensis, exhibits anticancer effects by modulating apoptotic and caspase-dependent pathways. However, the rapid systemic clearance of L-theanine limits its therapeutic potential. To overcome this, an aluminium-based metal-organic gel (Al-BTC MOG) was developed as a nanocarrier to encapsulate and stabilize L-theanine. MOGs, structurally related to MOFs, possess a porous 3D network, mechanical stability, and tunable properties ideal for drug delivery. The formulated preparations were characterized and checked for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. DLS showed an increase in particle size from 82.53 nm (Al-BTC MOG) to 110.95 nm upon drug loading (Al-BTC@Th MOG), with zeta potentials > ± 30 mV indicating good colloidal stability. SEM analysis revealed porous morphology, which appeared more amorphous upon drug loading, aligning with the PXRD data. FTIR confirmed the encapsulation of L-theanine via amide I band shift from 1643 cm⁻¹ to 1624 cm⁻¹. The encapsulation efficiency of L-theanine into Al-BTC MOG was found to be 99.43%. In vitro release analysis revealed pH-dependent behavior, with 53.46 ± 1.02% and 39.96 ± 0.70% release at pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively, after 48 h, as predicted by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with a non-Fickian kinetic mechanism. Antioxidant activity increased over time, reaching 32.96% at 330 min and 49.10% at 510 min in comparison to free L-theanine. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated an enhanced anticancer activity of Al-BTC@Th MOG against MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to Al-BTC MOG, indicating greater potency of the drug-loaded formulation. The system offers a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing anticancer efficacy through controlled and targeted release.